An Economic report of Manchester Essay

Employment Performance Which sectors does Manchester outperform the UK. Education it outperforms the UK it’s the second largest city In the UK its normal to expect it to spend more on education due to its high population. Interestingly professional Scientific and technical activities outperform the UK. A new economy has been put in place a smarterEconomy based on tertiary sectors moving away from its manufacturing past. 2023 its estimating employment in The above sector will rise around 130,000 for the greater Manchester region. Accommodation and food service Activities outperforming the UK is expected also as it’s the second most visited city in England and 3rd in the UK. Sectors which do poorly manufacturing once the cotton producing capital of the world now this industry is all but Extinct. Information and communication is behind the UK average this is surprising as recently media city has been opened in Manchester ITV, BBC and SIS are based there. Madchester Today It’s important not to underestimate the effect cities music or sports scene has, many people would recognise Liverpool ahead of a more economically significant city like Birmingham due to The Beatles. Manchester became the music capital of England in the 80s and continued onwards in the 90’s. Manchester United is the most supported club in the world. Forbes lists it as the second most valuable club behind Real Madrid. The soul of the city based on sports with heavy music influences. One effect is the number of young people who want to live there. Young people want to live and study in a vibrant city; Manchester University and MMU are ranked 1 & 2 in number of applicants for degree courses. There are 3 universities with 87776 students making it one of the most popular cities to study. Below you can see it has the 4th lowest house prices and 3rd highest wages in the UK. This makes it an incredible desirable location to live. In 2001 it was the 21st most vibrant city in the UK today it now number one making it the most vibrant city in the UK surpassing London. There is a large number of young residents, cheap housing and high wages helping organic growth. The location quotients show that the sectors with relative high levels of employment are all mostly in high end sectors, or hotels and similar accommodation which bring in revenue to the local economy. The sectors all bring in wealth so this is a good sign for Manchester’s growth for the future. North West Rivalry â€Å"It’s not just about two clubs, it’s about two cities, two unbelievable histories, two clubs that both think they are the biggest in the world, so there is a lot of ego at stake.† Lee Sharpe. There is a huge rivalry from the two cities of Liverpool and Manchester. Modern day rivalry has been mostly seen on the football field but it’s not always been the case. Historically the two cities thrived in the industrial revolution. The rivalry was ignited when Manchester decided to build a ship canal the largest in the world at that time. This meant Manchester no longer had to pay dues to Liverpool in order to use their port. Now the rivalry has died down as Manchester surpassed its economically and in sporting terms many years ago. Unemployment graph to the right shows how Liverpool’s unemployment has been higher in modern times. There has been a bit of convergence in recession times but Manchester still leads the way economically. Conclusion From this report you can see how Manchester’s economy evolved with technological advances. A thriving industrial city from the industrial revolution evolved unlike other industrial cities. It has a modern advanced economy it has become the most important city in the North-West economically. The sectors which thrive are high end sectors which generate a lot of revenue as shown in the location quotients on the previous page. It has a rich history musically and sporting, now it is the 2nd most visited city in England. This means the tourist industry thrives bringing in revenue from the other regions or nations. This has helped ease the recessions damage, from 2010 GVA has been increasing annually from 2010. The cities soul appears to be music and sporting orientated, the old mills and print works have been redeveloped it still retains remnants of its old industrial past. This is a city which is improving year after year, whether it is economic growth or quality of life. The city has a high standard of living voted most vibrant city in the UK climbing 20 places in 12 years.

The Rabbits, New Australians, and Romulus, My Father: Experiences of Immigrants

People experience a sense of belonging in varied and complex ways. How is this explored in the texts you have studied? In your response, refer closely to your prescribed text and to at least TWO other related texts of your own choosing. The migrant experience describes an individual’s change form one social context to another. Such a vast difference of results in a complicated confrontation of values. Hence a sense of belonging lies inherent in the individual’s ability to marry or reconcile identity with their social environment. Raimond Gaita’s semi-autobiographical memoir Romulus, My Father and the Australian’s feature article Alice Pung on New Australians both explore the difficulties faced when immigrating and how a new found sense of belonging occurs through a transformation of identity and values. John Marsden and Shawn Tan’s picture book The Rabbits use the graphical and written to demonstrate the loss of identity due to a loss of belonging that occurred in the white settlement of Australia. It is inherent in human nature to have a desire for belonging. This is evident in Romulus’ seeking out those of a similar history to him, namely Mitru and Hora, whose varied experience is more similar, his than Australians. In simple characteristics, such as a common language, they form a bond. â€Å"Having arrived at the camp [Romulus] set out to find those like him†. However having to work amongst and with the people of this new social context requires Romulus to confront the differences of values between him and that of Australia. Romulus has to compromise his ideals to that of Australia in order for Australia to accept him. He builds towards the Australian dream of owning a house and time to provide for Raimond the best. However Romulus also examples tat it is indeed a compromise not an assimilation of values. He finds the Australians to be â€Å"lazy† and â€Å"incompetent†. In embracing his won values of respect, honours and hard work, Romulus influences the Australian community he lives in where they come to affectionately call him Jack. Similarly, Pung’s article on her family’s migration from war torn Vietnam to Australia explorers the transformation of identity to achieve belonging. Her father fully embraces Australia ideals â€Å"to be like them ad survive† reading newpapers, having an opinion on Australian politics and opening a Retrovision franchise. She outlines the line between belonging and not belonging in the understanding of each other. â€Å"At first they stared with their eyes wide opened their mouths firmly shut. Now they laugh with their mouths wide open and their eyes firmly shut. † However, as Mitru and Christine show that an inability to marry both identity and community, Pung’s mother does the same. Never learning English or â€Å"embracing Australian society other than as a supermarket shopper† Pung’s mother becomes depressed and reclusive. The Rabbits describe the same destructive effect of not being able to reconcile identity and belonging together. The picture book reverses the situation to where the migrant rabbits assimilated their identity onto the culture, thus removing the identity of the native bilbies. Than contrasts the two cultures, in the brown and green colour of their land before the sterile white buildings of the rabbits. The bilbies gather throughout the book together, interacting each other compared to the uniformed rabbits, who are numbered and constantly demarcating, enclosing and tracing the land. Each component of the rabbits migration reflect destruction and conflict as represented by the giants machines that â€Å"eat up our grass† and the rams and sheep marked out. The bilbies are unable to reconcile their identity with the rabbits’ new society â€Å"They didn’t live in trees like us† and hence are decimated. â€Å"Who will save us form the rabbits? † An identity describes the context to which an individual belong to. In the migrant experience the individual’s ability to belong relies on the successfulness of their complicated marriages of ideals and values that vary for each individual.

Anything Is Possible Essay

Elaine has sued Jerry because Jerry fired her. Elaine was on the job for two months. The job offer letter she had been given mentioned the great career opportunities at the company and stated that her annual salary would be $30,000. The employer is an employment at will employer. Elaine was given no reason for the termination. After the termination, Jerry hired a man named Kramer, who had less job experience and education than Elaine, for the position. Elaine has sued to get her job back. The result of this particular scenario has the opportunity to go either way. Jerry fired Elaine, a female, after just two months of working for him, and then Jerry hired a man. Elaine believes that Jerry fired her for discrimination against her gender. Since it is illegal to fire an individual due to their race, color, national origin, sex, or religion (Cheeseman, 2007, p. 428), Elaine sued Jerry. It is perfectly understandable to see why Elaine believes Jerry fired her discriminately. Elaine worked for Jerry for only two months before she was terminated for no given reason. This raises a red flag as two months is hardly enough time to effectively demonstrate how hard of a worker one is. I believe it takes around six to eight months for a person to become knowledgeable about their position and become completely comfortable in performing their essential job tasks. Elaine would still be in the learning phase of her new job at two months. Jerry immediately hired a male, Kramer, after he terminated Elaine. Kramer had less work experience and education than Elaine, but Jerry hired him anyway. It is very easy to see why Elaine feels the way she does in this situation, however, she cannot read Jerry’s mind. It is very possible that Jerry fired Elaine for a legitimate reason and chose not to share this with her. Elaine may have produced a rather large error in her part that she overlooked and either cost the company a lot of money or reputation. Perhaps Jerry realized this and fired Elaine for this reason and did not wish to tell her in order to prevent embarrassment from either party. Jerry may have a good friend who referred Kramer to him. This friend may have informed Jerry on what kind of employee Kramer is and how quickly and efficiently he can learn the job based on past work experience. Anything is possible and possibilities are everywhere. What is meant by this is that nothing is black and white. A situation may be presented one way, but may actually be the exact opposite. You must be open minded in situations. Understanding that discrimination in the workplace is unfortunately common, it does not mean that Elaine is a victim of it. My personal belief is that Elaine would have rightfully sued Jerry unless if he can produce strong evidence of some sort of wrong doing on Elaine’s part.

Cultural profile Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Cultural profile - Essay Example Social groups mostly share a number of characteristics including involving the use of a common language, sharing cultural values and also sharing norms and traditional values (Chelidze 12). The Muslim based believers are also mostly portrayed badly as well as negatively by the media systems in the society (Chelidze 10). For example, I totally support Muslim faiths, and I have experience a number of discrimination and prejudices in the society. This usually provides bad relationship and poor interaction between Muslim individuals and other people the society. Stereotypes, discrimination, as well as prejudices based on individual cultural identities and ethnicity systems, form some of the problems that the Islamic-based religious individuals are facing in the United States (Chelidze 13). According to recent religious studies and reports, racial group, ethnicity as well as religious group of an individual role play a greater role towards various social activities in their life including their marriage practices, communication practices and their perceptions about life in general (Verkuyten 357). Therefore, the main aim and purpose of this paper is to discuss various social identities and religious beliefs and values including the Caucasian ethnicity, as well as the Islamic religion. The paper will specifically deal with the social identities covering ascription as well as avowal identity systems and how it influences my social interaction with others in the society The Caucasian race is mostly found in North America, Europe, parts of Asia as well as in some regions in Africa. Historically, various historians believed that there were two races especially the Mongolians and the Caucasians. According to these anthropologists, the Caucasians were more likeable and intelligent than Mongolians especially due to their light skin and moral values (Verkuyten 355). The Caucasian group was also closely associated with individuals

Leadership styles Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Leadership styles - Essay Example There are numerous leadership styles but this paper will specifically focus on Lewin’s leadership styles namely: democratic/participative, laissez faire, autocratic as well as transactional and transformational leadership styles which are more recent. Kurt Lewin, a psychologist developed a framework of three leadership styles in 1930s and these styles were later to become a benchmark for developing styles of leadership. Lewin’s styles of leadership include the following, autocratic, laissez faire and autocratic (Amos et al., 2008). Autocratic leadership style is usually carried by leaders who make all the decisions in the organization alone (Amos et al, 2008). These leaders use authoritarian rule and they do not bother consult other members of the team when they are making decisions in the organization. The leader who uses this style has the final authority to make any decision in the organization and it can also be noted that the communication channel used is top to bottom where the subordinates are mere takers of instructions from the top. In other words, they just respond to what has been said from the top without any contribution. The subordinates can hardly interact with their leaders. This leadership style is oriente d towards goal attainment of the organization and improving productivity at the expense of the employees who also have their personal goals to achieve outside work. This style leads to demotivation of the employees and can subsequently lead to absenteeism or staff turnover since the workers are not motivated to put optimum performance in their operations. Laisez fair is another leadership style developed by Lewin which emphasises on giving the employees freedom to manage their own affairs (Kleyhnhans, 2007). In other words, the employees work with very little or no supervision at all and they are responsible for setting their own goals

Peer Coaching Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Peer Coaching - Assignment Example Program briefing for all teachers: 2 handouts namely: Briefing Handout and Peer Coaching Program Handout are to be given out to all teachers to be signed up and returned. Power point slide presentation on the Briefing handout is to include: Touching the core of teachers by valuing teaching skills through acknowledging the peak highlights of the teaching milestone. Explaining the power of questioning to solve problems, giving and receiving feedback from peer coachers, using reflection tools to build learning and experience, educate and implement the Peer Coaching Observation process. With a worksheet, the observer will note their behaviour, analyze and interpret them, educate and implement the Peer Coaching Feedback process. On a non-teaching day, a 4 hour workshop will be implemented with the teamed volunteers who will note down what they observed from the participating teachers. A follow up will be made one week later with the observation analyzed and interpreted. This process of observation, analysis and interpretation will be passed on to the participating teachers. They will then do their analysis and interpretation and checked by the respective volunteers as evaluation. A centralized hierarchical... Explaining the power of questioning to solve problems, giving and receiving feedback from peer coachers, using reflection tools to build learning and experience, educate and implement the Peer Coaching Observation process. With a worksheet, the observer will note their behaviour, analyze and interpret them, educate and implement the Peer Coaching Feedback process. 3) Selecting teams (matching teachers)Teachers are matched accordingly to the following criteria: same areas of subject, same gender preferences, good fit of time schedule, complementary/ reinforcing personality traits, common agreement to be matched, same set beliefs, same intellectual level, fit of skills and same work attitudesThese fields are tabulated and matched with mutual approvals of the coach andcoachee. 4) Scheduling an initial round of clinical cycles On a non-teaching day, a 4 hour workshop will be implemented with the teamed volunteers who will note down what they observed from the participating teachers. A follow up will be made one week later with the observation analyzed and interpreted. This process of observation, analysis and interpretation will be passed on to the participating teachers. They will then do their analysis and interpretation and checked by the respective volunteers as evaluation. 5) Monitoring the peer-coaching program A centralized hierarchical system will be implemented where monthly, all teachers will submit their data to the volunteering teachers and then to the HODs or sub- heads and meet in person every quarterly year. At all times enquiries and feedbacks can be made informally

Generating Decision Alternatives Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Generating Decision Alternatives - Essay Example Controlling a business means having control of the commodity one is supplying. In the case where one’s competitors are supplying your commodities, they can dictate the quality and quantity which is not good for business (Gilbert, Pinel, Wilson, Blumberg and Wheatley, 2002). GM barred Saturn from the access of new products in the market which lowered their income. The UAW then waged war on Saturn’s labor reforms which was intended to keep Saturn from spreading its tentacles to other GM factories (The Wall Street Journal, 2009). The UAW made Saturn agree to a contract which eliminated most of the work skills that only UAW members can perform. This meant that Saturn comprised mostly of UAW members who with any gain for the company, they also aimed at benefiting. The UAW members were also assigned to all executives and managers of Saturn and hence they formed part of the decision making team. They were able to manipulate many decisions in their favor which killed the company gradually. With the harsh labor conditions and the harsh agreement on the supply of commodity, Saturn could no longer stay in the market. The leaders at Saturn had the assumption that procuring vehicles from GM would enable them to compete favorably with other related firms. This was not the case since GM was also their competitors and being the creators of the firm, GM had to find a way to kill is the competitor and partner. The GM and UAW leaders could only be coaxed with the reasonable way of sharing profits. The Saturn leaders would also consider legal bindings, which may bar THE UAW from interfering in their business. To deal with the assumption above, the company needed to lure GM to deal which involved a high profit share. A share of about 60% and 40% or 70% and 30% would be enough to coax the GM leaders. This would give another income option to GM and they would do anything to keep their source of income in the

Critically analyse the concept of fair and equitable treatment in Essay

Critically analyse the concept of fair and equitable treatment in investment treaties, taking into account recent investment - Essay Example A nice starting point for a good discussion is that the term or phrase â€Å"fair and equitable treatment† is the minimum standard and is included in most international investment agreements (IIAs). There are slight variations to this legal standard, such as the phrase â€Å"equitable and reasonable treatment† but both of the phrases are almost always made in reference to international laws. Admittedly, even this short phrase is subject to different interpretations depending on the circumstances and one's viewpoint. What is lacking in most of treaties is the legal concept of erga omnes like in Portugal v Australia to attain the goal of FET.2 It is the main purpose of this paper to explore further how this relatively simple legal phrase is used today to implement investment treaties. What is quite troubling to see is the prevalent use of the concept of special laws to interpret treaties in favour of one party only – the investors.3 Discussion Fair and equitable tr eatment is becoming more important these days. ... The only issue supposedly before any trade arbitral tribunal is to decide whether in all circumstances the conduct at issue is indeed fair and equitable.4 Definition: â€Å"Fair and equitable† treatment, narrowly speaking, refers to investments.5 It is commonly used in international treaty law and â€Å"protects investors' legitimate and reasonable expectations;6 it also protects against an arbitrary or capricious treatment, bad faith, coercion and harassments.† Investors negotiating with countries are very often understandably worried that their investments might be seized as part of nationalisation schemes, or that a change of regimes might cause loans to be defaulted upon or that corruption might force them to engage in more frequent bribery as seen across the developing world. The main consideration is the safety of investments by making sure agreements offer the contracting parties increased security and protection.7 Investors prefer safety before any profits are c onsidered. The investor's legitimate security expectations are the dominant elements of this treaty standard.8 Some experts believe FET guarantees a treatment beyond the minimum standards required under international laws. But this paper will analyse fair and equitable treatment (FET) a little bit broadly. It is fair enough for investors to receive fair and equitable treatment but what about the host governments, citizen stakeholders, NGOs, labour and the poor? This paper will thus look at fair and equitable treatment in that broader fashion. By merely looking at â€Å"fair and equitable treatment† rulings, it could give a false impression that treaties were fairly implemented and negotiated when they are in fact deeply divisive, controversial,

Ending the Federal Reserve Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Ending the Federal Reserve - Essay Example The principal way that the Fed manages the economy and financial crises is to manipulate the money supply. The Fed does its work by adjusting three things: the reserve requirement, the discount/federal funds rates, and open market operations. There are a number of positive outcomes that can result if the Fed was abolished. One positive outcome is the end of the yo-yo monetary policies that leads the country to move from recessionary to inflationary periods. A second positive outcome is greater competition and safer investment among financial institutions. There are negative outcomes to ending the Federal Reserve. The principal negative outcome is that the business cycle will run unchecked. Financial crises will tear the nation apart even more than already do. The United States has wrestled with the idea of centralized banking since its birth. After suffering through serious financial crises in the 1880s and early 1900s, the United States settled on the Federal Reserve system. The country embraced central banks twice before creating the Fed. The country created the First Bank of the United States in 1791 and then let the charter lapse in 1811. Congress created the Second Bank of the United States in 1816 and then let that charter lapse in 1828 (The Federal Reserve, 2010). Both banks failed because they were seen as answering to big city money interests and not the ordinary agrarian citizen. (The Federal Reserve, 2010). Today the Fed is also associated by some with big financial conglomerates. The United States created the Fed after enduring a series of financial crises. Several banking panics rocked the country in the late 1800s and early 1900s. The United States took action after the panic of 1907. In that year, the nation faced a dire banking crisis caused by speculation. Private industry, led by J.P. Morgan, had to step in to save the economy. The government created an independent government body, the Fed, in

Chinese women in globalized economy( Chinese women in marriage, family Assignment

Chinese women in globalized economy( Chinese women in marriage, family planning, and family responsibilities) - Assignment Example The Chinese traditional society regarded women as second class citizens who did not have the rights and freedoms that were enjoyed by men. It is not until 1949 that women began enjoying their rights. There were no equal education opportunities for boys and girls in traditional China as girls were regarded as passing members of the family who would be married off and therefore lacked long term economic benefits (Croll, 2005). According to Chatterjee (2003), the societal structures were modelled in a manner that placed women in an inferior position with a minor role of taking care of children and in-laws. They were expected to demonstrate humility in their subservient role. Women were regarded as ‘passive and unambitious’ and hence were considered to be of no value to economic development in China. Some Chinese folktales depict the society’s view of women that degraded women’s status through such phrases as ‘girls are maggots in rice’ while argum ents of the greater value of geese than girls was a common semantic among many traditional Chinese families (Cheraghi, 2013). Croll (2005) observes that infant mortality was higher in girls than boys among underprivileged traditional Chinese families as a result of contempt by the parents and other community members. Becoming pregnant out of wedlock was regarded as an abomination for the girl and the family to the society yet the man involved went unpunished. Suicide was therefore common among unfortunate girls who got pregnant before marriage. Chinese parents ensured that girls were married off as soon as the mature, which made their stay at home transitory. No family could therefore ‘waste’ resources contributing to the intellectual development. Women were forced in to unhappy pre-arranged marriages for which they had no option. Cruel in-laws made it worse for women as they were not allowed go back to

Leadership-assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Leadership-assignment - Essay Example Consequently, a leader must be impartial. Support of any group within the organization can lead to the politicking and development of partial reasoning. Impartiality makes leaders view the issues indicated with clarity and can solve conflicts between individuals in the society. Therefore, as a leader, impartiality is vital in developing group cohesion. The important role of the leader includes mentorship, which is required in team leadership (Bell 56). Mentorship leads to effective team development by increasing the skills of the members. Leaders must take initiative in ensuring members of the group are in good terms, which is reflected in the performance of the organization. In addition, Leaders must be the role model for the members because they represent their organization. The image of the organization depends on the leadership style. Therefore, an effective leader must always ensure unity of purpose and focus within the group, which ensures cohesiveness in then group (Bell 89). The development of an effective team will depend on the leader’s commitment to development and group cooperation. In conclusion, an effective leader must rely on personal skills to succeed in team

Null hypothesis. Marketing Essay Example for Free

Null hypothesis. Marketing Essay Assessment activity 1 1. When conducting research on behalf of your organisation or for a client organisation, how will you determine the most appropriate data sources to use? In this case the most suitable data source will be a desk research because this information will have already been gathered, analysed and reported on by other companies. It means that you will not waste time and money doing what others before you have done. 2. Why are cross checks and cross references necessary? To ensure the information is correct. Assessment activity 2 1. What tools would you use to collect and collate data and why would you use them? 2. Why should your desk research include the collection and analysis of data relative to the organisation’s current and past performance? Collection and analysis of data relative to the organisation’s current and past performance is very important to decide what we are looking for and the questions we are trying to answer. In this way our needs can be met. Assessment activity 3 Describe and explain the reporting formats that might be required to follow when submitting desk research results. Assessment activity 4 1. What is the difference between working and null hypothesis? A working hypothesis is a theory that we can use in our thinking about possible consequences. Such hypotheses allow us to predict and then look for results. Null hypothesis stands in direct contrast to its Alternative hypothesis. If we propose that action A will cause result B, we have a testable hypothesis, called the alternative. 2. How do these hypothesis help to focus the research? It help to guide the development of a research project and aid you in determining the direction you need to take and the questions to which you need answers. Assessment tool 2 1. What is desk research? Explain the steps involved Desk research is identification and analysis of information which has already been compiled and published in some form. The basics of a good desk research involve: knowing where to look and what to look for Understanding the quality of the source material ensuring you get the right information. Core to any desk research is obtaining a list of sources. If you do know the subject area or the key jumping off points, you are likely to know exactly where to look immediately. This is where experienced researchers have advantages, as typically, they have a wide knowledge of sources know where to look and how to look. 2. What are quantitative and qualitative data? Explain the differences and their use in market research. Quantitative data is anything that can be added up whereas qualitative data deals with options, attitudes and behaviour and provides dues as to â€Å"why and how†. Quantitative information allows analysis of the strength of a trend. It is used to answer questions such as ‘who, what, where and when’. Qualitative info consists of descriptive statements about events that have happened. It includes opinions or comments by customers on a product or a service provided, future plans or even visions of what an organisation right become. 3. Describe the techniques you would use to identify potential research respondents. 4. Why is it important to ensure that rooms and facilities for survey recruits are well prepared? Describe how you would conduct a data gathering session. 5. Compare and discuss 2 software applications suitable for entering data. Assessment tool 3 Market research Market research is a powerful tool, which can be utilized to better understand a company’s customer base – allowing these companies to optimize their advertisements, predict market trends and guide their overall decision making. Specially in the case of coffee shops world. This report covers multiple and independent coffee shops. Coffee shops are defined as outlets where coffee accounts for a sizeable (usually at least around 40%) part of sales with quite a restricted, mainly packaged, food offer and small amounts if any, free alcohol. For some countries this will therefore include outlets such as donut shops and bars. Market value is based on expenditure including sales tax in these outlets; market volume is based on numbers of outlets. A Snapshot report is designed to provide instant preliminary market research. Each report provides an overview of the defined market, including market size, market forecast, segmentation, company market share along with top-line socio economic data. The data is supplied in both graphical and tabular format for ease of interpretation and analysis. There is is a mix of primary and secondary data sources. In addition each market contains an exclusive 5 year market size forecast. What’s more, our team of international research analysts are always on hand to provide further assistance where required. It’s a level of service you won’t find anywhere else. Secondary Research All secondary data sets in both local and global languages are derived from a range of sources, from government statistics to trade magazines. In addition, strong relationships with different companies. . Typically an analyst use a minimum of 3 to 4 data points for each table, analysing different aspects of the market. Full transparency of source data is provided for all secondary sources. Furthermore, we need to seek written permission from the original source which is quoted in every case, reinforcing the integrity and robust nature of the data. Primary Research – Trade Interviews Once secondary research has been exhausted, the language specialist researcher will then validate the information collected though semi-structured telephone interviews. Validation through telephone interviews is critical. We aim to receive confirmation from National Trade Associations, Statistic Offices, and major players of each quoted market. Forecast Methodology The basic model which the GMN forecast was built on is called the ISDE model, which is a framework based on four main concepts, namely: ï‚ · Interface ï‚ · Supply ï‚ · Demand ï‚ · Environment These four concepts can each affect the fluctuation of markets. First, all the main parameters are identified that affect the market/industry which is to be forecasted. Once identified the parameter is matched to and classified with the ISDE model. Interface These are factors which affect markets or industries. Mainly they regard to conditions and factors in the transition phase between the supply and demand. Supply  The total amount of goods and services that are available to purchase. Demand  Desire, ability or need by individuals or companies to purchase goods or services. Environment  The environment includes all factors external to the market or industry, which in one way or another, influence them. Each element of the ISDE model is affected by different parameters. Based on their understanding of the sector in question, the analyst selects the parameter regarded as the most relevant. For reasons of conformity, reliability and currency, the range of parameters at the analyst’s disposal is confined to eight parameters. These are updated on a monthly basis: ï‚ · Real agriculture ï‚ · Real industry ï‚ · Real manufacturing ï‚ · Real services ï‚ · Population ï‚ · Private Consumption The research methodology employed by MSI has been subject to numerous procedures to guarantee the quality and the reliability of the information contained within the reports. In-house consultants are employed full-time and receive a sixmonths training period to acquire and implement MSI’s research methodology. MSI’s methodology can be divided into five principal stages: †¢ Stage 1: secondary research  The consultancy teams work closely with trade associations, magazines, and government bodies operating in the researched field. Further research is also carried out from information available internally from our in-house documentation service and externally from the Internet. The latter is carried out by our teams which have the experience and the knowhow to efficiently and productively extract information from existing sources. †¢ Stage 2: primary research: interviews with trade sources The consultancy team proceeds to undertake a series of telephone or face-to-face interviews, with a representative selection of companies operating in the chosen industry. Every attempt is made to talk to leading players in the sector as well as smaller companies. Interviews are therefore carried out with manufacturers, distributors, importers, suppliers, installers and end-users. Indeed, some of our studies involve more than a hundred interviews. The data gathered from interviews is systematically checked and compared with the secondary research. †¢ Stage 3: analysis of the gathered data The information gathered during the two previous stages is then analysed and synthesized. A second series of interviews can be done if necessary to check and validate the data during this decisive stage. †¢ Stage 4: quantitative data MSI reports provide quantitative data, such as market estimates and forecasts, to measure the researched market. This data is based on the estimates obtained during stage 3. The quantitative data contained in the reports is based upon the consultancy teams’ appreciation and analysis of the market and is consequently unique to MSI. †¢ Stage 5: quality control  Each report is the subject of a rigorous checking and editing process by an experienced management team.

Emotional risks you face with cosmetic surgery

Emotional risks you face with cosmetic surgery {The popularity of cosmetic surgery is expanding more than ever before and as it booms consistently, a number of psychologists are anticipating the likelihood that they would be dealing with patients who are thinking of or have undergone a cosmetic procedure.|Cosmetic surgery is gaining steam and some psychologists are concerned with the psychological effect on patients who go through radical transformations; and also on those who dont, that may feel inadequate as a result.|Although drastic alterations are infrequent, some psychologists still plan to probe the upwelling in cosmetic enhancement procedures and whether these surgeries have any long-lasting psychological detriments.|With the increasing popularity of cosmetic surgery, there are more questions than answers regarding its psychological effects and theres a huge possibility that psychologists will be dealing with these issues on patients who have undergone the procedure or are thinking of undertaking it.} {Some of them have a ctually encountered quite a few cases. It is therefore becoming increasingly vital for psychologists to be able to discuss with patients about their concerns over their appearance and be able to identify the factors that may or may make an individual a suitable or unsuitable candidate for aesthetic surgery.|There are interesting issues for psychologists to delve into, from the vantage point of cultural and interpersonal phenomena to the issue of mental health and self-worth issues; and these aspects will cast them into new roles, including administration of pre- and post-surgical patient evaluations.| In addition to research, psychologists may perform roles in assisting patients too, such as helping surgeons administer psychological assessments. For instance, they can assist cosmetic surgeons to distinguish patients who may find it difficult to make the necessary psychological or psychosocial adjustments after cosmetic surgery.} {A lot of psychologists agree that there is an urgent necessity for research on this subject to shed light on cosmetic surgerys psychosocial effects.|Researchers and practitioners have made attempts through the years to analyze whether progress in psychosocial well-being after cosmetic surgery can be objectively verified, but too few methodological studies have been conducted to be able come to a conclusion.|Studies spanning four decades have shown that most people undergoing cosmetic enhancements are satisfied with the result. But what has been nearly neglected is the outcome in psychosocial terms.|Psychologists believe that cosmetic surgery related issues have to be examined because of the remarkable increase in its popularity and the possible connection between the patients perception of body image or appearance and some psychiatric disorders, like social phobia, sexual dysfunction and even eating disorders.} {Researchers feel that the answers to one burning question may help fill in the gaps.|Psychologists and researchers have to figure out the complexities of these effects to make sure that they dont have lasting harmful effects to the patients.|The answer to the crucial question of how the patients who have undergone the procedure actually feel may be the key to unlocking the mystery of the emotional and mental effects of cosmetic surgery.|Most of the researchers are of similar opinion as to the necessity of broader potential studies employing typical patient samples, with the use of well-established methods to come up with near-accurate results.} {Do patients who have undergone cosmetic surgery feel better after the procedure?|Many people do end up feeling good about themselves after seeing how much better they look after cosmetic surgery.|Does cosmetic surgery improve psychosocial well-being?|How do cosmetic surgery procedures affect patients psychologically?} {Studies have invariably shown that people generally feel an increased level of contentment with the body part they had surgery performed on; however, there are ambiguities on whether cosmetic surgery actually gives their self-confidence, self-worth, quality of life and interpersonal relationships a boost over the long haul.|Overall, the studies indicate that there was a general perception of being pleased with the results among most patients and there was a marked improvement in how they felt about themselves. This was particularly true in the case of women that underwent breast reduction or mammoplasty. Functioning domains showing improvement included self worth, sel f esteem, distress and shyness and quality of life. However, many of these studies have limitations on methodology, including small sample sizes and potentially biased determinants.|Several studies showed that there was a marked improvement in body image evaluation after plastic surgery, and scores in self-esteem also increased even if the mark up was quite small. It was noted that the effect that the surgery had on body image perception and self-esteem was not in any way prejudiced by the age patients or the intervening time after surgery.|A recent analysis of studies on patients psychological profile and psychosocial performance prior to and after cosmetic surgery, suggests constructive results in patients that include body image improvements and a possible a boost in their quality of life. But the same research also found several predictors of flawed outcomes, more noticeably in patients with depression or anxiety history, as well as those who have unreasonable expectations.} {{In one of the studies conducted by the Center for Human Appearance at the University Of Pennsylvania School Of Medicine, it was recorded that 87% of patients {reported|conveyed|expressed|stated} the same sense of satisfaction a year after getting the cosmetic surgery including the feeling of upliftment of their body image perception in general and the modified body feature.|The Center for Human Appearance at the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine conducted a study which {recorded|documented|noted} that a year after having cosmetic surgery, 87% of the patients reported general {satisfaction|contentment|contentedness|self-fulfillment|pleasure} after the surgery; improvements in their overall body image; and improvements in the body feature altered.} {The negative body image emotions and the feeling of {inadequacy|being inept|deficiency|being inadequate} in social situations are considerably {lessened|decreased|reduced}|There was also less experiences of negative body image emotions in social situations among these patients|The patients also reported more experiences of positive body image emotions in social situations}.|{A study administered by the American Society of Plastic Surgeons indicated that 75% of the respondents chose cosmetic surgery to {gain|attain|achieve|obtain|get} improved looks and a more vibrant lifestyle.|In a study performed by the American Society of Plastic Surgeons, it was discovered that 75% of the respondents expressed that they opted for cosmetic surgery to achieve enhanced looks and a more active social life.} {Likewise|Similarly|Also|In the same manner}, 70% alluded to psychological merits and emotional rewards after surgery, with {notable|remarkable|significant} contentment and rehabilitated self-confidence and self-esteem. Also quite impressive, is the 45% who said they enjoy the daily advantage of being more {appealing|attractive|desirable}.} {It was discovered in their literature review, however, that there is a link between plastic surgery and weak post-surgical outcomes for some patients, specifically those with existent personality disorder prior to surgery; those who had the misconception that it would save a relationship and those who had impractical expectations that didnt materialize.|The review of the existing studies also observed that patients who are discontented with surgery results may demand a repetition of the procedures or may encounter depression and problems in adjustment, social apathy, family issues, self-destructive demeanors and antagonism against the surgeon and their staff.|Outcomes of some studies showed that psychological status forecast changes in both body image and self-esteem evaluation. Patients that did not register any problems on the scales displayed greater progress in body image and self-esteem evaluation than those with psychological issues. There was a stark negative link between pre -operative emotional problems and contentment with surgical outcomes.|A specific subgroup that seem to have poor response to cosmetic procedures are people with body dysmorphic disorder (BDD), which is discernible by a fixation with an imagined or negligible deformity that usually causes unwarranted clinical distress or imbalance in social and occupational areas of performance. These patients constitute 6%-15% of patients involved in aesthetic plastic surgery surroundings and around 12% of patients in dermatology situations.} {In one significant study, it showed that there were four times more likelihood for women with breast implants to carry out suicide than any other cosmetic surgery patients of the same age bracket.|There were firmer and far more unsettling results from epidemiological research of a connection between suicide and cosmetic surgery.| According to a Finnish study, theres more likelihood of women with breast implants committing suicide than women who are non-augmented. These results were echoed in findings from similar studies in Sweden and in the United States.|Findings of a study at the International Epidemiology Institute in Rockville, Md. show that theres a larger tendency for women with breast implants to take their own lives. Its one of several studies that have recurrently revealed an escalation of suicide risk among women with surgical breast implants.} {Similar other studies revealed a greater suicide rate by as much as two to three times higher.|These studies made the same repor t that women who experience surgical breast augmentation are thrice more likely to carry out suicide than those who have not undergone breast enhancement surgeries.|Findings show that women who have had surgically augmented breasts are three times more likely to commit suicide.|Another striking link that emerge from these studies is that women who are recipients of breast implants are two to three times more likely to kill themselves than those who are not.} {None of the studies could identify an underlying link between breast implants and suicide, though.|Although there seems to be an association between cosmetic breast enhancement and suicide, the precise nature of this connection remains unknown. |Although they have been largely unsuccessful in substantiating such connection, thus far, the study is also resolute in investigating the suspected connection between cosmetic breast implants and suicidal tendencies.|Researchers fail to clarify the suicides and the big question remains a mystery: Are women who have suicidal tendencies more liable to decide on having breast implants; or is the cosmetic surgery itself the leading cause of the suicide?} {Some researchers made speculations that a few of the surgery recipients may have held unattainable expectations or have certain personality traits that made them predisposed to suicide.|The suicide prevention team at the University of Illinois, speculates that breast augmentation may have a certain attraction on some women with suicidal tendencies, the appeal being that of a means to win control over their own fates; noting that people might be tempted to commit suicide are often obsessed with being in command of their bodies.|A number of researchers theorizes that its highly probable for some women who had prior psychological problems before the breast augmentation or implant to experience a period of recuperation in psychological behavior subsequent to cosmetic implant, but not retained for the long term. Thus, after several years, theres a re-emergence or aggravation of psychiatric troubles.|Some researchers allege that recipients of surgical implants display a host of psychosoma tic problems that put them in grave danger of imminent suicide. Whether this is the only rationalization or whether post-surgery discontentment is also involved, has not yet been clarified.}

Lower And Higher Cognitive Processes

Lower And Higher Cognitive Processes In cognitive psychology, lower and higher cognitive processes are cognitive processes that governs the way different abilities, for example, perception; attention; thinking; problem solving, are being used. However, each of the processes has their unique characteristics when applying the abilities. Lower cognitive process occurs in an automated manner with lower level of consciousness while higher cognitive process exercises mental activities voluntary with controlled awareness. Nevertheless, this essay aspires to investigate the differences of each process through the introspection and examples in order to help us understand how different each process can be. The Use of Lower and Higher Cognitive Processes in Looking At Experiences Our brain lays two very important processes that govern different abilities, the higher and lower cognitive processes, in fact both processes have different characteristics that can be explicitly observed, while higher cognitive process have a more general, non-automatic, mediated memory, controlled awareness and constructive thinking characteristic, whereas, lower cognitive process a more specific, involuntary automated and unconscious characteristic, thus, lower cognitive processes are instructed and run by higher cognitive processes, (Kalyuga, 2009; Fernyhough, 1996). Nevertheless Stuart-Hamilton (1995) analysed that both lower and higher cognitive processes are linked processes as lower cognitive process is a simple and basic process which governs basics task, for example, pattern recognition, thus, with the incorporated information from the lower cognitive process, the higher cognitive process is in charge of the collection of the information. At the same time, there are differe nt levels of processes to process the received stimuli from the variety of analysing of sensory aspects to semantic and theoretical processing (Eysenck, 1990). In my past twenty-one years, I have experienced quite a number of events which are unforgettable while some were memorable and some were regrets and if there is a chance to turn the clock back to my young age, I will definitely change how I think and how I manage things. While advice was given from peers and matured people around me, I will end up deciding what I want the most and ignore what they have said when I was younger. Nevertheless, there were times where I will look into these experiences and ask myself questions like why do I want to do that and how did I manage to do it. When I was in primary school, I hate to do assignments so almost everyday after school, I will hide my assignments somewhere, places where it cannot be seen, for example, under my bed, behind the cardboard or mixing them with other books. When my mum comes back from work, I will usually say that there were no assignments for the day and I will be allowed to play at the playground or with my toys. The follo wing day, I will tell my teacher that I have forgotten to bring my assignments in order to get away and if the teacher asked again about the assignments, my answer will often be, I loss it and I cant find it anywhere, but the fact is, it is hidden somewhere. However, every half a year, my parents will receive a phone call from my teacher saying that I have not been hand up my assignments for the past few months and my mum will start searching my room. At my surprise, she is able to find most of the books and worksheets and I will be forced to finish all of them in one or two nights. This experience became a continuous cycle for few years of my primary school days. Looking back at my lower cognitive process during my experience, what I want to do is just purely playing and because of that reason, I can even hid and lie to my teachers and parents about it so that I am free from any assignments. I presume that my brain has a certain perception about assignments which causes me to run away from it and what I want is just to play and enjoy myself. According to Margaret (2005), the utilization of perception is through receiving a stimuli by a persons senses while prior knowledge is retrieved to facilitate interpretation. Thus, perception involved physical items where beliefs and concepts are involved about the items and the outlines are being maintained by memory (Hamlyn 1994). Nonetheless, the features of both the stimuli and the prior knowledge are combined by perception (Margaret, 2005). Symbolic activity is also a classification of percetion as a symbol represents something other than itself, in my case, assignments symbolises boredom (Sekular Blake, 1994). Perception is an active process as the perceiver needs to execute certain actions to perceive with the behaviour being steered by the process which motivates a higher level of activity, for example, when I receive my assignments, I will either choose to do it or hid it somewhere and not do it (Sekular Blake, 1994). This gave me an idea of why I will dislike studying so much and even though my parents know about what happened numerous times, I will still continue to do hide my assignments and run away from it. I start to look into the higher cognitive process about how it think during my experience for example, why will I choose to hid my assignments and what made me to have this thought in my mind, why do I hate studying and doing assignments so much and enjoy playing much more, why did I not think that my teacher will call my parents to inform them about the situation. According to Ruggiero (1998), thinking is engaging our minds whilst being in charge of its activity and it is a process that helps us to find an answer to a question, to come to a conclusion and to learn, however, consciousness is not often required to appear during the process of thinking. Making decisions and forming beliefs are part of the thinking where it helps us to eliminate our uncertainties while decision making helps us to reach our goals and our beliefs will determine the actions that are beneficial for us to reach the goal as belief allow us to believe very robustly about something which we determine that it is the truth (Baron, 2008). So for my experience, my belief has caused me to believe that assignments are boring and hiding it was the action that beneficial in order to escape from it. Resistance to change and stereotyping are two things that are in the thinking processes which are very subtle. According to Ruggiero (1998), resistance to change tends to ignore new concepts or procedures in seeing and doing things even before testing them fairly, thus, one of the reasons is laziness. Indeed, advice and even punishments were given to me but because of laziness in me, I ignored and continued my old ways. Whereas for stereotyping, generalization of concepts, locations and people, it creates a good environment for presorted, predetermined, prejudged ideas as each has a compartment for storage with no judgment being placed on (Ruggiero, 1998). Maybe my brain has already stereotyped assignments as boring when I was in school which made it hard to change my way of thinking. Due to my laziness, I end up scoring very badly for my Primary School Leaving Examination (PSLE) and I got into Normal Technical. When I was holding on to my result slip, I was very upset, angry with myself and I really regretted for not studying hard. My family will regularly have lunch with my parents friends on Sundays and I will naturally focus my attention on what they talking about and also listening and playing with the other children. However, they will often talk about their childrens study and their results, so when I hear anything about study I will fully focus on what they were saying while ignoring others. And when it was about the PSLE and what school their child got in, I felt very embarrass, I felt that I let my parents down and I caused them to feel embarrass when they talk about me so I will walk away and do something else. During this period, I loss my confidence is doing things and I had a low self-esteem which caused me to think that I am not as smart as anyone a round me. But as the time goes by and I grew older, I start to learn to cope with my own thoughts and not judging myself on who I am according to how smart I am academically and understanding that I am good with other things. I was even determined to do my O levels and send overseas for two years to complete United Kingdoms General Certificate of Secondary Education (GCSE) and I scored fairly well. I was surprise on how I can divide my attention to focused to what the adults were talking while I play with other kids and when I hear about PSLE results, I am able to focus on what the adults have to say and unconsciously ignoring any other messages around the environment. I believe that it is caused by the sensitivity level about the topic which causes the division of my attention and what I choose to focus on. According to Johnson and Proctor (2004), the function of attention helps us to be aware and conscious towards presented messages or objects and also choosing the actions according to the messages or objects. According to Margaret (2005), divided attention is one of the processes of attention which helped us react appropriately to each thing while paying attention concurrently to a few things at the same time, for example, watching television and understanding what is going on while having dinner and knowing what food it is while putting into the mouth. Hence, divided attent ion uses the split-span technique which breaks two full messages into two short messages that the memory span can register the information without rehearsing into the individual ears (Johnson Proctor, 2004). While selective attention is another process which overlooks the other messages while focusing on just one message and selective attention apply dichotic listening, a technique which the individual side of the ear receive two different type of messages (Johnson Proctor, 2004). Through reading these, it made me understand how I can focus on a few conversations at the same time and suddenly when the topic is on studies, I will focus on that conversation while ignoring the others. I look at the higher cognitive process in my experience, I tried to solve the problem from being unable to study and having low confidence to picking up myself and trying hard to study to scored during the GCSE. According Bransford and Stein (1993), the problem solving process has been described as a cycle that contains different phases but it is not required to be arranged in sequence, the problem solver must; 1) discover and be aware of the problem; 2) mentally classify the problem; 3) come out with a solution idea; 4) information rearranging of the problem; 5) solve the problem through designation of information though the psychological and the physical; 6) keep close observation of the process; 7) check for accuracy of the solution that is brought up. There are two different classification of problems; well-defined and ill-defined (Davidson and Sternberg, 2003). Well-defined problems are problems that provide a distinct direction towards finding the solution for is one that is ba sed on the given information, for example, calculating the price for each person from a receipt with a friend while the amount is stated (Davidson and Sternberg, 2003). However, ill-defined problems are problems that does not provides a distinct direction towards finding the solution and in order to make ill-defined problems observable, significant work of gather of information is need, hence, it is possible to generate a number of correct solutions from the generation of solutions by the ill-defined whereas well-defined problems can only generate one solution (Davidson and Sternberg, 2003). In my experience, learning how to overcome my emotional thoughts and not judging myself, are ill-defined problems that I had to find a solution to them in order for me to start a fresh. Success problem solving requires one to be well-versed in the field of study of the particular subject or issue as well as being a competent thinker, however having only prior knowledge does not ensure that the s olution will be found as the answers are usually unfamiliar and foreign to the problem solver, whereas thinking is required, in partnership with the prior knowledge, to help one to apply the known knowledge to the context of the problem (Ruggiero, 1998). Indeed, I gain success in starting fresh as a new person after I have grown older as I am able to think deeper and better and combine what I have learnt to solve the problem of me judging myself according to my academic level. In conclusion, the lower and higher cognitive process are two different cognitive processes which are linked processes that governs different things which helps us in daily activity like, thinking, perception, attention and problem solving. Through my introspection, I realised that my attention and perception which are part of the lower cognitive process, are both were exercised automatically and unconsciously occurring. However, when I looked into the higher cognitive process, I am required to exercise concrete thinking in order to come out with solutions to solve my problems and the think for ways to run away from my assignments as solutions and ideas will necessitate mental activity.

Free Essays on A Dolls House: Irony :: A Dolls House Essays

Irony in A Doll's House A Doll's House contains many instances of irony. The main characters, Nora and Torvald, are especially involved in this.Many of the examples of irony in this play are types of dramatic irony. Dramatic irony usually refers to a situation in a play wherein a character's knowledge is limited, and he or she encounters something of greater significance than he or she knows. Throughout the play, most of the dramatic irony displayed is between Nora and Torvald, with Torvald being the character whose knowledge is limited. Early on in the play, when Mr. Krogstad is threatening to tell Torvald of Nora's secret, Nora pleads with him and asks him not to. She says to him that "It would be a rotten shame. That secret is all my pride and joy - why should he have to hear about it in this nasty, horrid way........hear about it from you" (1431). This is ironic in that her "pride and joy" is something that her husband would completely disapprove of. Â  Torvald tells Nora "No debts! Never borrow! There's something inhibited, something unpleasant, about a home built on credit and borrowed money" (1415). But nevertheless, she has borrowed money, and it is her pride and joy. She takes pride in the fact that she was able to borrow money, since women are not supposed to be able to, and that she has been able to save and work for enough money to be able to make the payments on her loan. What makes it even more joyful for her is that she knows this helped save her husband's life. The most joyful thing in Nora's life is something her husband disapproves of. What makes this even more ironic is a statement Torvald makes to Nora after discovering her secret. He says to her "Oh, what a terrible awakening this is. All these eight years...this woman who was my pride and joy...a hypocrite, a liar, worse than that, a criminal!" (1462). He also uses the words "pride and joy" to describe Nora, just as she describes her secret. Another illustration of irony is the way Nora treats her children as if they were dolls. This is situational irony because Nora is treated like a doll by her husband, and by her father when he was alive. She says "I passed out of Daddy's hands into yours.

My Philosophy of Education Essay -- Teaching Philosophy Education Essa

My Philosophy of Education A child’s education is one of the most important, if not the most important, aspects of his or her life. With this in mind, teachers are very influential characters. Therefore it is essential that teachers develop their educational philosophy and their educational goals before making the big step from being a student to being a teacher. I would now like to present my educational philosophy and goals. I will do this by combining the thoughts of Rousseau, Plato/Socrates, Sophistry/Foucault, Pragmatism/Progressivism and interpreting and creating it into my own. First, I would like to share my thoughts on the nature of human beings. I agree with Plato and Socrates in the sense that most human beings (students) are not alike and are therefore sorted into groups. I do not believe, however, that it is my right or responsibility to sort students into my own defined groups. This proves to be unfair and provides no sense of autonomy to the students. In today’s society, mainly the students do the sorting process, themselves, into what we know as â€Å"peer groups†. This is why I also agree with the Pragmatists and Progressivists’ view in which they believe that human beings are social as well as experiencing, exploring, and thinking individuals. In addition, I feel that students are innocent with a capacity for good or evil and the environment determines their direction, as does Rousseau. Unfortunately, the environments surrounding children today are not always conductive for learning; therefore, I want to present m y classroom as a safe, positive, and conductive atmosphere. Next, I want to examine the nature of knowledge. I strongly agree with Rousseau’s view of knowledge. I... ...the classroom and to begin building upon my teaching experience. I do not plan to stop there; I plan to further my education every chance that I get by taking more classes, going to seminars, and so on. I feel that a good teacher is one that never stops learning; one’s education is never ending. However, I have a strong feeling that I will learn so much more once I become part of a classroom filled with little ones awaiting my every word and watching my every move. Yes, teaching is a heavy responsibility and should not be taken lightly; but I am ready. In conclusion, I cannot choose one philosopher that I agree with 100%. But I do think highly of Rousseau’s philosophy of education. Furthermore, with a strong education foundation, I feel that I will be able to attain my goals as a teacher through that of the various philosophies presented in this paper.

Original Writing Murder Story

You couldn't imagine the feeling, hearing that your wife and children have been found slain. After hearing these words eight words, everything became a blur, I didn't even hear what PC Maguire was saying I just stared, frozen to the to the carpet beneath me feet. Dead. My family, my girls, my beautiful girls gone. A feeling of sickness came over me, I was sick, over and over for about 20 minutes, I headed downstairs, avoiding the family photos which hung above the stairs hoping they would just disappear. Downstairs PC Maguire was sat waiting for me, he'd already told me how it happened but I couldn't hear. On hearing the events again I ran back to the bathroom and was vomiting until there it felt like there was nothing left apart from my cold soul, then went back to staring just sat on my bathroom floor looking at nothing for hours by the time I finally went downstairs PC Maguire and his colleague had of course gone. They'd gone to my wife Maggie's mothers for the weekend in Leeds, the last time I saw them I was rushing to get ready for work on Friday morning. Katie, my eldest was trying to get my attention she wanted me to read her a story before I left, I always read her stories before she went to bed and as I wouldn't be with her at the weekend she insisted on one now, but I didn't I was too busy flapping about trying find the paperwork for my meeting that afternoon, I kissed her on the forehead and my baby Abigail's; gave my wife a hug and ran out the door. I regret so much not reading that story, not stopping and feeding Abigail, not telling Maggie I love her, I love her more than anything in this world. A teenager found them early Monday morning behind the newsagent on his paper-round route, huddled together battered and bloodied, they'd been there all night. The police think that Maggie had stopped to go into the shop for a pack of cigarettes, leaving the girls in the car not even for a minute, but someone had taken the girls and somehow they all ended up behind the shop where they were beaten to a pulp before being strangled to death. The police have no idea to who did it and neither do I. We can't have a funeral yet due to the investigation but I've had to tell people, Maggie's parents and siblings, my parents other people have found out through the local papers and hundreds of flowers have been left by the public against the shop, but it doesn't stop the pain not even for a second. Not a minute goes by without me trying to work out who would have wante to cause such pain, and the awful feeling that it could be someone close, someone they knew and felt safe with, I'm racked with guilt, I wasn't there to protect my own family. My family was and still is an odd one, maybe that's why I wanted to have a ‘normal' family. I never knew my Dad he left before I was born and my mother never got over it, apparently he left to be with another woman who he'd also pregnant with his rotten seed. I have one brother, always a bit of a bad boy it was no surprise when he landed himself in prison for G.B.H, I hadn't seen him for over a year before he got sent down and haven't seen him since, 4 years it's a dam' shame. although my mother has tried with letters I would rather not have him in my life, I didn't want him in my family's life to be more specific. We've tried to help him in the past; he even lived with us for a few months months, but 3 months down the line he just left, no note, no â€Å"good bye† just my wife's peruse and children's piggy banks and haven't seen him since. As my family's trauma was being splashed over local news the police investigation continued, the news-agents had only had CCTV inside the store, although England has turned to a camera heaven no CCTV had been installed behind the shop where my babies were found. I was then shown the tape in which Maggie was buying her cigarettes, the tape wasn't very good quality, you couldn't even make out my wife's beautiful face.I could see the car vaguely through to open shop door. A man walked up to our family car with the girls inside opening the door picking up Abigail and taking her out of her car seat then walking away with Abby in his arms and Katie holding on to his hand. This made the police believe that the girls knew him and went willingly with him, he was wearing a hood and never looked toward to shop door so even with the bad quality we had no chance of identifying his face. Finally Maggie leaves the shop and stands motionless outside staring at the car then looking left and right; the tape came too much for me, I turned my head toward the wall, I clenched my fists, gripping onto the sweat running from each palm, equivocal emotions where in-caged within me; the instinct of anger couldn't help but be fused with the pain of guilt as the Images of what happened that day begun toying with my imagination. The girls obviously knew this man to go off with him, which surely means I know him, the worst had come to reality; memories of a not so long ago time began whispering into my ear reminding me of what once used to be the family room, the anger started possessing me as my heart started beating against my chest faster and faster before relinquishing to the floor where I sunk into a bath of my tears. The police could sense the animosity in the air and politely left. The pain slowly faded as I slowly drifted asleep on the living room floor. When I woke up I paced though my brain hacking into old memories to conclude who it could be, I start accusing my closest and dearest friends in my head, how could it be one of them†¦ how has this happened?! At that moment the doorbell rang. People had tried ringing all week but I haven't felt the will to answer, I guess now I have to face the world once again and answer; there is a pile of notes scattered across the hall that people have posted through the letterbox. I open the door, and I'm shocked to the core, it's him. I can't speak or move, He tells me he has good news, I hope he's telling me he's finally gone clean; I politely invite him in, as he passes me the stench of memorable cigarette smoke drifts across my face, I look up and down his figure as he walks into the living room, a blood stained handle was peaking from his trouser back pocket, I briskly contemplated on what it could of been the object could of pressed against, I became cognizant of what was going on, anger which once was transfixed in guilt now seemed contradictory, once again evocative visions paced though my mind. I run at him swinging in every direction with all my might, it throws him but not much he was always the tougher one. Then I feel it, the sharp pain in my hip, I step back and see the blood flowing, but I can no longer feel it I'm numb. Before I can retaliate he has me gripped round the neck, knife to my throat and before I know it I'm strapped in a chair duck tape over my mouth, around my hands and feet and also around my stomach keeping me in the chair. My brother takes down his hood and gives a wicked grin, ‘Hello Daniel' he whispers in my ear. I struggle in my chair and he just laughs, ‘Poor Danny, you were always the superior one weren't you, well look at you now! You have nothing; no one's coming to your rescue are they Danny? You're Alone.' He takes great pleasure in me what I know to be true, all the time waving his blood soaked knife around. ‘It's a shame what happened to those little kiddies isn't it Danny? Such beautiful girls just like Maggie.' He says licking his lips menacingly. I want to scream, I wanted to shout words which I've never used since my youth, but I can't so I just continue to struggle in my chair hoping to loosen the tape. ‘What about Katie? Looks an awful lot like Maggie doesn't she? Not so much like you though Daniel, that's odd isn't it?' My wrists are starting to bleed from the firmly fastened tape but I can't feel it, my clothes have turned crimson. What is he saying? ‘Remember that lovely few months I spent here with you Danny? You were trying to get me on the straight and narrow weren't you? You were so stupid, while you were busying yourself getting me on this course and that course you had no idea what was going on right here did you? In this house, in your bed, with your wife.' My hands were freed and I ripped the tape off my mouth ‘Maggie would never go anywhere near you, your scum!' I screeched. ‘Well of course she resisted, but she loved it really†¦every time.' He said slowly right in my face. I punched him. He stumbled backwards holding his jaw before chuckling to himself. ‘You idiot Danny, Katie, she's mine, or should I say she was ha' he laughed. ‘No no no no no NO!' I said it over and over trying to grab at him but the rest of me was still fastened tightly to the chair. He then explains in detail every encounter he had with my wife, my precious wife raped by a monster in my home and I knew nothing all the time I'm screaming no over and over my face soaked with tears. But I knew it was true, Maggie kept asking me to make him leave and I wouldn't because I wanted to help him, she was on edge the whole time and I just thought it was because she didn't like him. She wanted a new bed but I said no and I remember that when he'd fled with our rent money she seemed so relieved. How could I have not known? ‘I thought about her every day in prison, I loved her I wanted to be with her and my daughter. So of course when I got out she was my first stop, but she wouldn't talk to me when I came to the house. It was a different story when I had your beloved children. But she didn't want me, not nice is it Danny? When the woman you love doesn't want you so I decided if I couldn't have her, and Katie, you couldn't either so I killed them.' What about Abby? If you didn't want Abby why did you kill her too?!' I yelled. ‘It was unfortunate for her, she was just there' he shrugged. This is when my anger took hold of my and I forced my way out of my restraints, I picked up the chair and struck him once, twice, three times. He fell to the ground and I stood over him, my foot to his neck ‘You sick bastard' I cried then stood on his neck until he was gasping for air and clutching his throat, then he was gone. I fell to the ground beside him, I knew now that it was over for me too but I couldn't move, my eyes closed blood still pumping from my hip, my time is here.

Relevant and Non-Relevant Costs

South Carolina Electric and Gas (SCE&G), a principal subsidiary of SCANA Corporation, makes life convenient by bringing electricity and natural gas to homes and businesses. The company also provides residential, commercial, and industrial builder service firms the energy they need for construction (www.sceg.com). The company also has telecommunications services and other businesses which involve non-regulated energy. To supply electricity and natural gas, SCE&G operates 22 various plants, most of which are coal plants. Today, SCE&G serves nearly 1 million customers in South Carolina (â€Å"SCE&G Quick Facts†).The coal plants of SCE&G emit nitrogen oxide. Also known as NOx, this is one of the compounds that form smog in the atmosphere. Thus, the company has been making efforts to lower the emission of NOx. Just recently, SCE&G has installed the selective catalytic reduction (SCR) equipment on Wateree Station and Williams Station, the two largest plants of the company to reduce NOx emission. This has cost them $138 million (www.sceg.com). The company has also invested 80 million dollars on equipment for emission and pollution control (Zaleski, 2007).In 2008, the firm has decided to install the SCR equipment on the Cope Station as well. The project, which started on the summer of 2007 and will end on the fall of 2008, will cost the company 69 million dollars (Zaleski, 2007). This amount includes relevant costs (i.e., costs that are significant to a specific decision) such as the cost of the equipment and the cost of installation (CITATION).The previously mentioned expenditures prior to the Cope Station project–the investment on SCR equipment and on the emission and pollution control equipment—are considered sunk costs. Whether SCE&G would push through with the Cope project or not, the costs of these equipments have already been incurred. Hence, they are irrelevant to the project.SCE&G reported in its statement of projected expenditure that the budget for the Cope Station project was $ 26 million (â€Å"SCANA Corp. 2007-2009 Projection Expenditure,† 2007). Since the investment would cost $ 69 million, it would result in a budget deficit of $ 43 million. This implies that the company had to make budget adjustments in order to fund the said project.When the project is complete, it would surely result in â€Å"clean, safe, and reliable power source for [the] citizens and industries† (Zaleski, 2007). Although it would not bring the company explicit financial benefits, by making the plant environment-friendly, the project can further contribute to the healthy relationship of SCE&G with its neighboring communities. Moreover, this may â€Å"attract new industries [to invest] in [the] area† as the environment becomes free of the polluting NOx (Zaleski, 2007).ReferenceAbout SE&G.. (n.d.). Retrieved January 26, 2008 from http://www.sceg.com/en/about-sceg/Builder services. (n.d.). Retrieved January 26, 2008 from http://www.sceg.com/en/builder servicesNitrogen oxides. (n.d.). Retrieved January 26, 2008 fromhttp://www.sceg.com/en/my-community/environment/air/nitrogen-oxides/Residential services. (n.d.). Retrieved January 26, 2008 fromhttp://www.sceg.com/en/residential-services/SCANA Corporation 2007-2009 projections for capital expenditures and cash flows. (9February 2007). Retrieved January 26, 2008 fromhttp://www.secinfo.com/dN11u.u3.c.htmSCE&G quickfacts. (n.d.). Retrieved January 26, 2008 fromhttp://www.sceg.com/NR/rdonlyres/26ADE7BE-0699-41C8-84C7-32C488E5292A/0/SCEGQuickFacts.pdfZaleski, G.. (6 November 2007). SCE&G investing $69 million in Cope plan to reduceemissions. The Times and Democrat. Retrieved January 26, 2008 fromhttp://www.thetandd.com/articles/2007/11/06/news/12812156.txt

Functional Skills

Functional Skills Functional skills are qualifications in English, maths and ICT that  equip learners with the basic practical skills required in everyday life, education and the workplace. To ensure that Functional skills are assessable to all learners they are available at Entry Level 1 through to Level 2. Employers are crying out for workers with sound Functional Skills – they are essential skills that are genuinely in demand. With good Functional Skills your students will have the ability to draw on a bank of transferable skills to help them succeed in all areas of life.Functional skills where introduced due to the Wolf Report to replace the old key skills as a result of a gap in skills whichThe Secretary of State for Education commissioned Professor Alison Wolf of King’s College London to carry out an independent review of vocational education. She was asked to consider how vocational education for 14- to 19-year-olds can be improved  in order to  promote suc cessful progression into the labour market and into higher level education and training routes.She was also asked to provide practical recommendations to help inform future policy direction, taking into account current financial constraints. The review has been informed by over 400 pieces of evidence from the public, a number of visits to colleges, academies and training providers, and interviews and discussion sessions with key partners in the sector. Alison Wolf comments in FAQ’s in edexel. com that , â€Å"Functional Skills pass rates are lower than Key Skills pass rates.This is still true post-pilot, and on one level may be due to this being a new qualification. However, rather than having negative connotations, this proves that standards are higher and a more legitimate marker of quality (cross-reference Key Skills where the pass rate is almost 100%). Functional Skills are challenging, worthwhile qualifications, denoting a marker of student excellence FAQs – Func tional Skills and the Wolf Report – Edexcelwww. edexcel. comFunctional skills ran as a three year pilot scheme from Sept 2007 and was officially rolled out nationally in Sept 2010 We use basic skills on a daily basis – while driving a car, cooking, making purchases, supporting our children in schoolwork. These daily tasks may present challenges for adult literacy learners, because they incorporate skills from a variety of academic areas – when driving you must read street signs very quickly; when cooking you use measuring tools or calculate with fractions.Yet some learners may state, â€Å"I don’t read much,† or â€Å"I never use math. † Teachers can help learners make connections between what they are learning in class and every-day functional skills by the contextualization of instruction. The 3 functional skills are MATHS Functional maths is what we use every day e. g counting money, calculating shopping bills basic money management addin g these childrens dinner money ? 2. 00 per day x 5 Days a week = ? 10, measuring area etc for carpets , wallpaper, cooking we weigh and measure ingredients.ICT Functional ict is everyday uses including online banking , paying household bills , renewing car insurance , online shopping and searching for best deals , reading e mails, texting friends ENGLISH Functional English is everyday tasks such as writing a shopping list , reading the mail reading the newspaper, reading the road signs when driving, checking shopping purchases on receipts, using e mail reading and replying. holding an everyday conversation requires speaking and listening skills. The delivery of Functional Skills should be embedded into all curriculum areas by using contextualized teaching materials, In my area of Art I can incorporate and plan functional skills in sessions by †¢ Maths , in art learners regularly use ratio to mix art materials , e. g paint and water 2-1, mixing plaster of paris 3-1 measuring dim ensions for drawing patterns e. g dividing a canvas in half or into four requires an overall measurement and then divided by 2 for half or 4 for quarters and so on. English, in art learners have to read to understand e. g study of an artist , YP read a biography of the artist and pick out relevant key points and write them down, so using sentence formation , punctuation . listening is a skill , to follow instructions in art either verbally or from a list which is used in making a clay pot , or plaster mould. †¢ ICT in art , learners use ict to find images , so using a google search , also knowing their way around a website to find relevant images or information.Usually images are printed and formatted to their specifications for tasks , so printing knowledge is used also saving work to relevant files are all everyday ict skills we use in day to day life and work How functional skills are implemented and supported in my organisation We are a small education setting with up to 30 YP at any time so I think we have a thorough pathway for YP Learners are assessed when they arrive at Aycliffe before entering education by the online goal assessment which gives a clear score on maths and English ability they are broken down into separate curriculum areas e. spelling , punctuation , number sequencing, adding , subtracting so can clearly give a good assessment for extra support regarding functional skills across the curriculum The senco then highlights areas for concern and distributes Strategy sheets to teaching staff and relevant support staff these give an indication of hints and tips useful in teaching a particular identified need in a student.Provision mapping and planning sheets are used to track continual level of need and progress, In Aycliffe secure centre we also use for identified pupils a computer programme called Successmaker which is has numeracy and literacy programmes aimed at all levels this is an excellent tool to boost the attainment in functiona l skills as learners are supervised on a 1-1 basis by teaching and support staff, and Successmaker shows a clear improvement and highlights areas for extra need.In our establishment the most level of need is in reading and we use SRA reading scheme which has 4 levels and the learners are assessed and placed in appropriate groups , we also have journal reading groups which are for competent readers which concentrate on reading own material and reviewing and understanding text. We also run an individualised Life Skills Programme , through assessment YP work through a life skills programme which offers a cross curricular array of Functional / Life skills from making a bed , budgeting and shopping for a healthy meal, booking a train ticket to accessing further education in their communities.

Creative Writing Essay

Brooke stood outside of his trench now, leaning against the outside wall and smoking a cigarette. He inhaled and breathed out slowly, his eyes brimmed with tears as he stared up at the black sky, which every so often lit up with white light from an explosion somewhere. He closed his eyes and he willed away the tears, but rather than disappearing as he had hoped, they rolled down his dirty, pale cheeks and stung his rough lips. He watched indifferently as men went back and forth carrying stretchers laden with moaning men with horrific injuries. Once they came by carrying a young boy who Brooke thought could not have been any older than eighteen, he was covered in blood and had taken a serious blow to the head as he was blown back by a shell landing nearby. He was still and unmoving as the stretcher-bearers hurried him back to the infirmary barracks. Finally, a sergeant named Truman tentatively approached him. â€Å"Sir? † â€Å"Yes, what is it? â€Å", he replied wearily. â€Å"Sir, Private Atkinson is hysterical sir, he’s frightening the other men and Sergeant Williams can’t control him. Williams says can you please come, Sir? † Brooke sighed. A deep long sigh. â€Å"Yes all right, tell him I’m coming. † When the two men entered the trench all the men in the first battalion looked up with faces as dark as storm clouds and expressions which could melt a heart of stone. Brooke nodded at them as he strode past but they had no effect on him anymore. He marched straight up to where Atkinson and Williams were and sat down beside Atkinson. The boy lay shaking and muttering, he was hugging himself and rocking back and forth with his eyes tightly shut. As Brooke sat down next to him his muttering became louder and louder until he was almost shouting it. â€Å"There’s no place like home. There’s no place like home. There’s no place like home. There’s no place like home. † He kept saying it over and over again. Tears streamed down his face and his movements became more and more rigid. Brooke looked at Williams and then around the trench. Twenty faces stared back at him, watching his every move. He shivered. â€Å"Atkinson? Atkinson, do you hear me? † Atkinson nodded and continued muttering. Brooke noticed a large red mark across the young boy’s right cheek. â€Å"Did you do this? † he snapped at Williams. Williams shook his head. Brooke’s sharp grey eyes bore into him; he nodded and looked away. Brooke glared at him then, slowly with all the gentleness of a mother caring for her child, reached out and lifted the shaking Atkinson up to lean against him. The boy buried his head in his commanding officer’s shoulder and grasped at his shirt, sobbing. â€Å"Atkinson†¦ † he said, then continuing in a kind but stern voice. â€Å"David, control yourself. David, we are all scared, but we must not let our emotions overcome us. Do you hear me? † â€Å"Yes Sir. † â€Å"Now, when you go home to your mother, you will meet a nice young girl whom you love very dearly and you will go on to spend the rest of your life with her. However, to do that you must first get through this. Now, you will survive this, but you have to try. Will you do that for me? Will you do that for your mother? † â€Å"Yes, Sir.   As the train pulled into the country station a man, around twenty-three years old stepped casually off and onto the platform. He breathed in deeply and looked around him; everywhere he looked he saw smiling faces and happy families. Dark memories of war clouded his mind; he shook them away and started at a brisk walk towards the town. He sat in the cool church watching the young couple stood at the altar beaming at each other. He listened to the vicar as he droned on, â€Å"Do you David Atkinson take Anna Phillips†¦? † â€Å"You see Thomas old chap? Life goes on.. † Brooke thought to himself. Victoria Holland 11BM English Coursework Mrs Dukes Show preview only The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE Miscellaneous section.

Dementia in the world Essay

Alongside traditional A Levels in Physics, Chemistry and Biology, QMC offers an A Level in Applied Science. This is an ideal course for pupils who have studied the GCSE Applied Science and who are interested in a science based career. COURSE ENTRY REQUIREMENTS General entry requirements are 5/6 GCSEs at C or above to include Double Science, English and Mathematics. WHAT KIND OF JOB/DEGREE CAN THIS SUBJECT LEAD TO? Success in the A Level will enable you to apply for work in science based companies, the NHS or apply for Foundation degrees at university such as: FdSc Applied Medical Technology FdSc Medical Imaging (Radiography Technician) FdSc Medicines Management (Pharmacy Technician) FdSc Oncological Therapies (Oncology and Radiography Technician) FdSc Paramedic Science, currently available at Portsmouth DURING THE AS COURSE YOU WILL STUDY THE FOLLOWING TOPICS: In the AS year you will be studying 3 units which cover all 3 sciences. Two of the units are assessed by portfolio with the third unit being assessed by examination. This course is therefore best suited to students who find producing a steady flow of written reports preferable to sitting several exams at the end of the year. The portfolio units look at how science is put to use in the workplace. You will visit a range of local organisations and see science in action. Back at College you will learn how to carry out some of the techniques that scientists use at work and write reports about issues relevant to the use of science. As you go you will build up a portfolio of evidence of your growing skills. The examined unit focuses on the use of science in healthcare. You will look at how the body’s circulatory and respiratory systems work, and how they can be monitored and investigated. This will include considering the ethical issues involved when diagnosing and treating illnesses. DURING THE A2 COURSE YOU WILL STUDY THE FOLLOWING TOPICS: In the second year you will be learning how to carry out an extended investigation and then choose one you would like to study in depth. This investigation, and a unit on the techniques involved in genetic engineering and biotechnology, are both assessed by portfolio. A final examined unit brings together all the skills you have developed during the course on working as a scientist, including collecting samples, developing methods for carrying out tests, working safely, analysing data, and ensuring accuracy and reliability in all you do. HOW IS THIS COURSE ASSESSED? AS Level A2 Level 3 Units. 2 units portfolio evidence, 1 unit examination 3 Units. 2 units portfolio evidence, 1 unit examination IF YOU REQUIRE ANY ADDITIONAL INFORMATION †¦ Please contact the Head of Department, Dr Eddie Grimble, on (01256) 417500

Howard Schultz's Leadership Style and Traits Research Paper

Howard Schultz's Leadership Style and Traits - Research Paper Example Nor does he stand ramrod tall and deliver a lecture or key message points†¦. He lets it all hang out--and is, by turns, sensitive, passionate, and responsive. What the managers see is what they get. Its Schultz--the corporate caregiver and truth teller. And its a distinctive leadership style based on an idealism that seems at odds with a sharp-edged global economy that has bloodied both business credibility and employee morale.† (US News.com) This, in nutshell, reveals the personality of the man, and his positive approach to the issues. Some of his observations/comments in the meeting prove the point. â€Å"The art of leadership is making sure we dont allow the scale and size of the company to change the methodology of how we conduct ourselves. We have to be careful not to let our values be compromised by an ambition to grow." "You dont start out by saying, Im going to create the worlds largest coffee company. You start with a sensibility that says, Im going to create a different kind of company, and you have to follow the path of doing the right thing by making decisions that are true to your mission and cause. You refer to your heart, conscience, and memory." "Being a great leader means finding the balance between celebrating success and not embracing the status quo. Being a great leader also means identifying a path we need to go down and creating enough confidence in our people so they follow it and dont veer off course because its an easier route to go."(USNews.com†¦.) In his book â€Å"A Passion to Lead: Seven Leadership Secrets in Business, Sports and Life, Jim Calhoun writes, â€Å"A Passion to Lead is for all those who are serious about making their dreams a reality. It’s a motivational tool for achieving success both at work and in life, and it can help turn any adversity into an advantage.†(Back Flap†¦) and he further writes, â€Å"Lead anyway-is that character and toughness can be cultivated, if you stick with people who care about

Restaurant Proposal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Restaurant Proposal - Essay Example know how much time customers are currently spending in lines and how much time they will spend in lines in a new layout by using the new process that CEI shall develop. These changes are expected to help the restaurant increase profits by reducing costs, retaining customers, and attracting new customers. CEI team will visit the restaurant and examine the current layout of the premises, collecting data on site. The team will analyse the data and develop conclusions and recommendations that will help improve the facility’s layout and reduce the time customers take to wait on line and the confusion thereof. This proposal presents the plan on how this project will be done. Village Grill is a cafeteria style restaurant which started its operations in 1996 in the busy university town of Waterside, Michigan. The Grill offers comfort foods that are seasonal and are made with locally grown ingredients. The profits of the Grill have increased since 1996 but revenues began to decline in 2012. The owner, Mr. Wright attributes the decline to the construction of a bridge, which is reducing access to the restaurant. Originally, the customer service and eating area in the restaurant originally consisted of two food lines, which offered the same food choices, and two centrally located cash registers. As the number of customers increased, the Grill added another food line and rearranged the types of foods offered in each line. In the current layout of the restaurant, customers enter the restaurant and walk in a circle along the outside edge of the room to choose their food. Sometimes customers cross through the middle of the seating area and join another part of the line. After the customers select their food, they walk to one of the two registers to pay. The lines at the registers often intermingle with the lines at the food bars and sometimes the cash register lines extend into the seating area. This creates confusion. In addition, the Grill recently began offering take-out