Pride And Prejudice :: essays research papers

Elizabeth&8217s Pride and Darcy&8217s Prejudice?Jane Austen&8217s Pride and Prejudice is a timeless social comedy which is both sarcastic and full of sentiment. The title refers to the personalities of the two main characters and cues the reader to Austen&8217s broader thematic purpose to satirize nineteenth century manners and morals, especially as they interrelate to courtship and manners. Although both characters contain both these traits, it is mainly Mr. Darcy who exemplifies &8216pride&8217 while Elizabeth Bennet exemplifies &8216prejudice.&8217 However, one of the book&8217s many ironies is that the prejudiced Elizabeth thinks it is Mr. Darcy who has the overall prejudiced disposition. Likewise, proud Darcy thinks it is Elizabeth who is most often proud. Through the course of the novel, these characters grow and through each other, discover their own foibles-- Elizabeth is indeed prejudiced and Darcy is indeed proud. Armed with this development and heightened moral insigh t, the couple is rewarded with happiness and fulfillment at the end of the novel. But what if their initial beliefs were correct? Let&8217s say that Mr. Darcy&8217s pride and Elizabeth&8217s prejudice were switched within the context of Austen&8217s plot and narrative structure. Could a proud Elizabeth and a prejudice Darcy grow in self-awargonness through the circumstances of the novel and gain a better understanding of human condition? Before Austen allows her characters to have a &8216fairy-tale&8217 ending, they must undergo self-growth. Given Austen&8217s overall becharm of English class structure and her empathy towards independent and spirited young women, it would be unlikely that Elizabeth and Mr. Darcy would resolve their differences and grow as human beings.It is Mary, Elizabeth Bennet&8217s younger sister who seems to pinpoint a working definition of &8220pride as it is portrayed in the novel. She says &8220Pride is a very common failing I believe. By all that I have e ver read, I am convinced that it is very common indeed, that human nature is particularly prone to it, and that there are very few of us who do not cherish a feeling of self-complacency on the score of some quality or other, significant or imaginary... Pride relates more to our opinion of ourselves... (67) Both Elizabeth and Darcy&8217s characters show evidence of pride, yet Austen clearly takes Darcy&8217s pride to an extreme. His character is first introduced at Netherfield Ball-- he quietly keeps to himself, occasionally speaks to one of the upper class, and declines all introductions to any young ladies.

Reflexive Substantion of an One-Way Ascendancy of Mathematics over Ethics :: Mathematics Math Papers

self-referent Substantion of an One-Way control condition of Mathematics over Ethics con Russell and Popper are concordant with Plato with respect to the in dependency of mathematics upon the sensations. Beth shares the opinion of the complete independence surrounded by the world of science and mathematics and that of psychology. Essenin-Volpins opinion is of an ascendance of ethics and jurisprudence over mathematics. For the first time, the position of Plato, Russell, and Popper are substantiated in this paper through Hegels reflexive pronoun natural scientific method. The external activation of numbers into interaction through arithmetical operations, adopted by him, has been taken as a basis of this substantion. This is the flat coat why mathematical rules of reasoning are exact-they represent a pure product of the third world. The rules of ethics and the related humanities are their reflective approximate reverberations. Ascendancy of the rules of such types of science ov er mathematics is impossible due to the irreversibility of the reflexion. The problem of the interaction between the psychical and the thinking worlds as reverberations of the material one has been tough much earlier by ancient philosophy. Plato excludes whatsoever dependence of mathematics, it being the most brilliant representative of the mental world, of the sensations. Russell 1 (I. pp. 237-238) is concordant with the above. He considers that the mathematical lawfulness is applicable solely to the symbols, the symbols being words, that do not typify anything in the real world. Thus, the correct opinion, pointed out, remains unsubstantiated, since nowhere is it related to the philosophical categories.In the substantion, offered by this paper, we proceed from the assumption that the variety of the mathematical symbols, at any rate, is reduced to and ensues from the aim namely-to study the quantitative characteristics of the qualities from the being. That connects the mathemat ical symbols with the real world, i.e.-it reveals the possibility of a substantiating, since those characteristics interact. succeeding(a) the construction of the foundations of mathematics, we should agree that the interaction among its concepts (i.e. the rules of the mathematical reasoning) is reduced to the interaction among the natural numbers. Hegel defines them reflexively 2, 3 ensuing from the qualities of the beig which (conversely) indicates that the mathematical truth denotes something in the real world.Russell has pointed out that Hegels philosophy is precise difficult-he is ...the most difficult to grasp of all great philosophers 1 (III., p. 337), thereof associating him with the philosophers willing to spread confusion in mathematics 1 (III.Reflexive Substantion of an One-Way Ascendancy of Mathematics over Ethics Mathematics Math PapersReflexive Substantion of an One-Way Ascendancy of Mathematics over EthicsABSTRACT Russell and Popper are concordant with Plato wit h respect to the independence of mathematics upon the sensations. Beth shares the opinion of the complete independence between the world of science and mathematics and that of psychology. Essenin-Volpins opinion is of an ascendance of ethics and jurisprudence over mathematics. For the first time, the position of Plato, Russell, and Popper are substantiated in this paper through Hegels reflexive natural scientific method. The external activation of numbers into interaction through arithmetical operations, adopted by him, has been taken as a basis of this substantion. This is the reason why mathematical rules of reasoning are exact-they represent a pure product of the third world. The rules of ethics and the related humanities are their reflective approximate reverberations. Ascendancy of the rules of such types of science over mathematics is impossible due to the irreversibility of the reflexion. The problem of the interaction between the psychical and the thinking worlds as reverber ations of the material one has been treated much earlier by ancient philosophy. Plato excludes any dependence of mathematics, it being the most brilliant representative of the mental world, of the sensations. Russell 1 (I. pp. 237-238) is concordant with the above. He considers that the mathematical truth is applicable solely to the symbols, the symbols being words, that do not signify anything in the real world. Thus, the correct opinion, pointed out, remains unsubstantiated, since nowhere is it related to the philosophical categories.In the substantion, offered by this paper, we proceed from the assumption that the variety of the mathematical symbols, at any rate, is reduced to and ensues from the aim namely-to study the quantitative characteristics of the qualities from the being. That connects the mathematical symbols with the real world, i.e.-it reveals the possibility of a substantiating, since those characteristics interact. Following the construction of the foundations of ma thematics, we should agree that the interaction among its concepts (i.e. the rules of the mathematical reasoning) is reduced to the interaction among the natural numbers. Hegel defines them reflexively 2, 3 ensuing from the qualities of the beig which (conversely) indicates that the mathematical truth denotes something in the real world.Russell has pointed out that Hegels philosophy is very difficult-he is ...the most difficult to grasp of all great philosophers 1 (III., p. 337), thus associating him with the philosophers willing to spread confusion in mathematics 1 (III.

Computers In Education :: essays research papers

Computers in EducationThe typical school has 1 computing device per 20 students, a ratio that estimatoreducators feel is still not high enough to affect classroom learning as much asbooks and classroom conversation.Some critics see computing device education as merely the latest in a series ofunsuccessful attempts to revolutionise education through the procedure of audio- andvisually-oriented non print media. For example, motion pictures, air outtelevision, filmstrips, audio recorders, and videotapes were all initiallyheralded for their instructional potential, but each of these ultimately becameminor classroom tools alongside conventional methods.Communications SatelliteA parleys satellite is an artificial SATELLITE placed into orbit aroundthe Earth to facilitate communications on Earth. Most long-distance radiocommunication across land is sent via MICROWAVE relay towers. In effect, asatellite serves as a tall microwave tower to permit straightaway transmission betweenstati ons, but it can interconnect any number of stations that are includedwithin the antenna beams of the satellite rather than obviously the two ends of themicrowave link.Computer CrimeComputer crime is defined as any crime involving a computer accomplished throughthe use or knowledge of computer technology. Computers are objects of crime whenthey or their contents are damaged, as when terrorists attack computer centreswith explosives or gasoline, or when a "computer virus" a program capable ofaltering or erasing computer memory is introduced into a computer system.Personal ComputerA personal computer is a computer that is based on a microprocessor, a smallsemiconductor chip that performs the operations of a c.p.u.Personal computers are single-user machines, whereas larger computers principallyhave multiple users. Personal computers have many uses such as Word processing,communicating to other computers over a phone line victimisation amodem,databases,leisure games are just s ome of the uses of a Personal Computer.Computers for Leisure GamesAs they proliferated, video games gained colour and complexity and adopted thebasic theme that close to of them still exhibit the violent annihilation of anenemy by means of ones skill at moving a lever or pushing a button.Many of the games played on home computers are much or less identical with thosein video arcades. Increasingly, however, computer games are becoming moresophisticated, more difficult, and no longer dependent on elapsed time a fewcomputer games go on for many hours.

Hitchcock’s Use of Technical Signatures in his Film Vertigo Essay

Hitchcocks Use of Technical Signatures in his Film Vertigo The films of Alfred Hitchcock provide or so of the best evidence in favor of the auteur theory. Hitchcock uses many techniques that act as signatures on his films, enabling the viewer to possess an understanding of any Hitchcock film sooner watching it. His most famous signature is his cameo appearance in each of his films, but Hitchcock also uses more technical signatures like doubling, visual contrast, and strategically primed(p) music to create suspense. Hitchcocks use of doubles is apparent end-to-end most of his films. In Vertigo, the image of Madeline and Scottys passionate embrace is repeated several(prenominal) times during the film. In Scottys life, Hitchcock also places many instances of doubles, such as the two women he loves, Madelines dual roles as two different women throughout the plot, and the two identical deaths of the women he witnesses. Doubling is also apparent between Madeline and the fictional Carlo tta, especially in the scene in the art museum, where the flowers, the hairstyle, and the position of Madelin...

American Tragedy: Self-Destruction in a Self-Indulgent Society Essay ex

American Tragedy Self-Destruction in a self-indulgent Society The boy moved restlessly from one fanny to the other, keeping his eyes down . . . . and he appeared indeed to resent and even to suffer from the sight in which he found himself (p.9). Clyde Griffiths invariably cute to be somebody---anyone notwithstanding who he was. Growing up in a poor home of evangelizing, exhorting missionaries, he was not drawn to God but pushed past from Him and his family. Clyde was looking for a way to escape from his haunting reality to both a place and position in life that were more attractive. He was embarrassed of his looks, his attire, his social position and his poor education. American Tragedy (1925) by Theodore Dreiser is the tragic story of a man whose fate is sealed and ambitions are shaped by societys values. Clyde, in nerve-wracking to fit in with the norms of society, gets into more trouble than he could ever imagine. His trouble begins in Kansas City, where he works at a ho tel and runs with some boys who are not all bad, yet are not good either. When these rowdy boys borrow a car and pick up their girls for some fun, they add up and kill a little girl. Rather than remain at the scene, they all run. When Clyde finds himself with nowhere to go, he roams until he runs into an old friend from Kansas City. He gets a hypothecate at other hotel where he meets his rich uncle. Uncle Samuel tells Clyde that he can come up and get a job in his factory. While working in that factory, he meets Roberta and fall very much in love. However, their love affair must be a secret because he is not, as a section head, supposed to find an employee. As time goes on their relationship becomes physical. In the midst of this physical relationship, Clyde accid... ...ams of getting on and up, was in danger of death. . . (p.623) His mother has always known that he is driven to become more like the Griffiths of Lycurgus, but still never imagined that he would become a murder er with this drive. Clydes desire and ambitions to be something great with the assistant of societys twisted thinking is what brought about Clydes demise. The selfish, self-centered thinking of this high society, and their teaching Clyde these thoughts makes him feel like he has no choice if he wants to obtain his goals. creation corrupted by values which he accepts in order to be successful does nothing more than seal his fate and project him to the electric chair. An American Tragedy is Clydes story about vice and greed, and the resulting catastrophe. Bibliography Dreiser, Theodore, An American Tragedy, N.Y., The World Publishing Company, 1953. American Tragedy Self-Destruction in a Self-Indulgent Society Essay exAmerican Tragedy Self-Destruction in a Self-Indulgent Society The boy moved restlessly from one foot to the other, keeping his eyes down . . . . and he appeared indeed to resent and even to suffer from the position in which he found himself (p.9). Clyd e Griffiths always wanted to be somebody---anyone but who he was. Growing up in a poor home of evangelizing, exhorting missionaries, he was not drawn to God but pushed away from Him and his family. Clyde was looking for a way to escape from his haunting reality to both a place and position in life that were more attractive. He was ashamed of his looks, his attire, his social position and his poor education. American Tragedy (1925) by Theodore Dreiser is the tragic story of a man whose fate is sealed and ambitions are shaped by societys values. Clyde, in trying to fit in with the norms of society, gets into more trouble than he could ever imagine. His trouble begins in Kansas City, where he works at a hotel and runs with some boys who are not all bad, yet are not good either. When these rowdy boys borrow a car and pick up their girls for some fun, they hit and kill a little girl. Rather than remain at the scene, they all run. When Clyde finds himself with nowhere to go, he roams unti l he runs into an old friend from Kansas City. He gets a job at another hotel where he meets his rich uncle. Uncle Samuel tells Clyde that he can come up and get a job in his factory. While working in that factory, he meets Roberta and falls very much in love. However, their love affair must be a secret because he is not, as a department head, supposed to date an employee. As time goes on their relationship becomes physical. In the midst of this physical relationship, Clyde accid... ...ams of getting on and up, was in danger of death. . . (p.623) His mother has always known that he is driven to become more like the Griffiths of Lycurgus, but still never imagined that he would become a murderer with this drive. Clydes desire and ambitions to be something great with the help of societys twisted thinking is what brought about Clydes demise. The selfish, self-centered thinking of this high society, and their teaching Clyde these thoughts makes him feel like he has no choice if he wants to obtain his goals. Being corrupted by values which he accepts in order to be successful does nothing more than seal his fate and send him to the electric chair. An American Tragedy is Clydes story about vice and greed, and the resulting catastrophe. Bibliography Dreiser, Theodore, An American Tragedy, N.Y., The World Publishing Company, 1953.

American Tragedy: Self-Destruction in a Self-Indulgent Society Essay ex

Ameri discharge Tragedy Self-Destruction in a Self-Indulgent Society The boy moved restlessly from one foot to the other, keeping his eye down . . . . and he appeared so to resent and even to suffer from the position in which he found himself (p.9). Clyde Griffiths always wanted to be somebody---anyone but who he was. maturation up in a poor home of evangelizing, exhorting missionaries, he was not drawn to God but pushed away from Him and his family. Clyde was looking for a way to flow from his haunting earthly concern to both a place and position in life that were more attractive. He was ashamed of his looks, his attire, his social position and his poor education. American Tragedy (1925) by Theodore Dreiser is the tragic account statement of a man whose fate is sealed and ambitions are shaped by societys values. Clyde, in trying to fit in with the norms of society, gets into more ail than he could ever imagine. His trouble begins in Kansas City, where he works at a hotel and runs with some boys who are not all bad, even are not good either. When these rowdy boys borrow a car and pick up their girls for some fun, they hit and kill a little girl. kinda than remain at the scene, they all run. When Clyde finds himself with nowhere to go, he roams until he runs into an old friend from Kansas City. He gets a job at another hotel where he meets his fertile uncle. Uncle Samuel tells Clyde that he can come up and get a job in his factory. While working in that factory, he meets Roberta and falls very a good deal in revere. However, their love affair must be a secret because he is not, as a department head, supposed to date an employee. As condemnation goes on their consanguinity drop deads physical. In the midst of this physical relationship, Clyde accid... ...ams of getting on and up, was in danger of death. . . (p.623) His mother has always known that he is driven to become more alike(p) the Griffiths of Lycurgus, but still never imagined that he wou ld become a murderer with this drive. Clydes desire and ambitions to be something great with the help of societys twisted opinion is what brought about Clydes demise. The selfish, selfish thinking of this high society, and their teaching Clyde these thoughts makes him feel like he has no choice if he wants to obtain his goals. Being corrupted by values which he accepts in order to be successful does nothing more than seal his fate and send him to the electric chair. An American Tragedy is Clydes story about unrighteousness and greed, and the resulting catastrophe. Bibliography Dreiser, Theodore, An American Tragedy, N.Y., The World Publishing Company, 1953. American Tragedy Self-Destruction in a Self-Indulgent Society Essay exAmerican Tragedy Self-Destruction in a Self-Indulgent Society The boy moved restlessly from one foot to the other, keeping his eyes down . . . . and he appeared indeed to resent and even to suffer from the position in which he found himself (p.9). Clyde Griffiths always wanted to be somebody---anyone but who he was. Growing up in a poor home of evangelizing, exhorting missionaries, he was not drawn to God but pushed away from Him and his family. Clyde was looking for a way to escape from his haunting reality to both a place and position in life that were more attractive. He was ashamed of his looks, his attire, his social position and his poor education. American Tragedy (1925) by Theodore Dreiser is the tragic story of a man whose fate is sealed and ambitions are shaped by societys values. Clyde, in trying to fit in with the norms of society, gets into more trouble than he could ever imagine. His trouble begins in Kansas City, where he works at a hotel and runs with some boys who are not all bad, yet are not good either. When these rowdy boys borrow a car and pick up their girls for some fun, they hit and kill a little girl. Rather than remain at the scene, they all run. When Clyde finds himself with nowhere to go, he roams until he runs into an old friend from Kansas City. He gets a job at another hotel where he meets his rich uncle. Uncle Samuel tells Clyde that he can come up and get a job in his factory. While working in that factory, he meets Roberta and falls very much in love. However, their love affair must be a secret because he is not, as a department head, supposed to date an employee. As time goes on their relationship becomes physical. In the midst of this physical relationship, Clyde accid... ...ams of getting on and up, was in danger of death. . . (p.623) His mother has always known that he is driven to become more like the Griffiths of Lycurgus, but still never imagined that he would become a murderer with this drive. Clydes desire and ambitions to be something great with the help of societys twisted thinking is what brought about Clydes demise. The selfish, self-centered thinking of this high society, and their teaching Clyde these thoughts makes him feel like he has no choice if he wants to obtain his goals. Being corrupted by values which he accepts in order to be successful does nothing more than seal his fate and send him to the electric chair. An American Tragedy is Clydes story about vice and greed, and the resulting catastrophe. Bibliography Dreiser, Theodore, An American Tragedy, N.Y., The World Publishing Company, 1953.

A Letter for My Future Husband Essay

After reading Why I Want a Wife, I disagree with Syfers opinion when she created an example of a perfect married woman who has the responsibilities to meet her economizes needs. I am looking for a save, but it seems too early and so far away for a high-school girlfriend who exigencys to get into a holy matrimony. However, the real question is if a wife has all the responsibilities to do everything, what would a husband do? If I am a wife, I will not expect my husband to be handsome or rich. Instead, I do expect my husband to have a good enough personality so that we washstand have a healthy relationship. I regard a husband who will respect me, share responsibilities with me, and be impartial with me. I want a husband who will respect me the way I respect him. However, I have a right to keep my profess private space, and I do not want my husband force me into talking about things that I do not want to say. On the other(prenominal) hand, I am glad to listen to my husbands complaints, because it is a way to show respect and it will also help me learn more than about him. I want a husband who will never scold at me in front of other people even though I may be difficult. For instance, when my friend and I are talking in the living room, my husband should not directly walk in and commit me to prepare a meal for his friends.Even if I refuse, my husband should not yell at me in front of my friend. Instead, he should be kind and respectful. I want a husband who can comfort me when I am not in a good mood, and listen carefully when I am talking. While he is listening, it should not be in mavin ear and out the other because he should be attentive. Just like Syfers point,I want a wife who will listen to me when I feel the need to explain a difficult point I want a husband who will share the familys responsibilities with me. Women nowadays are becoming economically independent, so taking care of the children is not only a wifes responsibility. I want a wife to keep track of the childrens doctor and dentist appointmentsI want a wife to make reliable my children eat properly and are kept clean. I want a wife who will wash the childrens clothes and keep them mended. I want a wife who is a good nurturant attendant to my children and who arranges for their schooling I disagree with Syfers opinion that a wife should be the one to tear care of the children, because a husband could also take care of the children when his wife is at work. I do not wantmy husband to stand roughly and do nothing when I am cooking.Since I am not a good cook, I want a husband who can picture the menus, prepare the meals when I am not in the mood for it. I want a husband who is good with technology so he can fix electronics, and also be good with chores so he can help me to keep the house clean. I want a husband who is ever so be honest with me. Honesty can bring a couple closer to each other, and prevent misunderstandings. I want a husband who will not betray me, and he will not say one thing in front of me and then do the opposite behind my back. I am woman who always tend to be sentimental, and because of that, I want my husband to be a straight shooter who is devoted to me and will not lie to me. I believe that men and women are equal, so I can not accept the husband that Syfers describes, If, by chance, I find another person more suitable as a wife than the wife I already have, I want the liberty to replace my present wife with another one.I want a husband who will unconditionally love and trust me, like the Star-Crossed Lovers, who loved each other to the point where they died for one another. I expect my husband to have a good personality that who can support my emotional, physical and mental needs. However, I want a husband who will not lose his temper easily when I flare up in an unreasonable manner. I want a responsible husband who can do things that I cannot do. I want an honest husband who can read my thoughts and promise me he will not be a liar. If love is an apple, then I am a girl who is searching the other half of the apple. My future husband, where are you?

A Concept Analysis of Burnout within the Nursing Profession

The duty of taking care of other people and being responsible for their lives is a heavy burden for anyone to carry and it can take its toll even among the best of us. In the nursing profession, burnout is a constant threat and is widely concerned for the alarming shortage of nurses that we are experiencing today.According to the Nursing Shortage Fact Sheet (2007) compiled by the American Association of Colleges of Nursing (AACN), Job burnout and dissatisfaction are driving nurses to hand the profession. Consider these figures compiled by AACN more than 40% of nurses working in infirmarys reported being dissatisfied with their jobs. The find out indicates that 1 out of every 3 hospital nurses under the age of 30 are planning to leave their current job in the next year.Indeed there is no denying the importance of nurses in the wellness care system as more and more people are availing of health services and are reaping the benefits of the advances in medical technology. As such, bur nout deserves careful study in the hopes that it can be prevented or managed.Literature ReviewAccording to the concept analysis method developed by Walker and Avant (1995), the definition of a concept requires taking into good will as many contexts as possible.Only then will it be possible to have an intimate understanding of the concept and thoroughly define all its attributes. As such, a comprehensive literature review was conducted using all possible sources of information such as books, journals, and the Internet using related terms such as burnout, stress, career exhaustion, coping mechanism, job support, and lateral violence. In all the reviews made, the term burnout is consistently associated with loss of reside and motivation for work.The burnout is often accompanied by a sense of disillusionment and questioning ones sense of purpose and direction. On a more general sense, the term refers to the loss of interest for any endeavor and a sense of hopelessness for life.As a sp ringboard for this concept analysis, an internet search was done on the term burnout. Dictionary.com defines burnout as a state of being overworked due to intense activity or prolonged stress.This get outs to fatigue, frustration or lack of interest. Wikipedia, a popular online source of information defines burnout as a psychological term for the experience of long-term exhaustion and diminished interest usually in the work context. It is also used as an incline slang term to mean exhaustion.It goes on to say that some workers are more predisposed to burnout, depending on their soulfulnessality traits (Wikipedia article about burnout 2007).Another website, Helpguide.org, a trusted non-profit online resource for various health issues, describes burnout as a condition that reduces your productivity and saps your energy, leaving you feeling increasingly hopeless, powerless, cynical, and resentful. The unhappiness burnout causes can eventually imperil your job, your relationships, an d your health.The site also made an attempt to make a simple and understandable distinction betwixt stress and burnout. According to the site, stress involves an evoke amount of responsibilities that demand too much of you physically and psychologically. However, stress can be controlled with proper time management and often goes away once the toil has been accomplished.Burnout, on the other hand means feeling empty and devoid of motivation. People experiencing burnout often dont see any hope of confirmatory change in their situations unless they leave and lead a different life. (Helpguide.org article on burnout 2007) Prolonged exposure to stressors in the workplace can eventually lead to burnout.Maslach (2003) attributes this loss of idealism and passion for ones job as something that results from an incongruence or misfit between the worker and the job. Maslach further elaborates by stating that the problematic relationship between the person and the work environment is a cons istent theme in all studies made about burnout.This misfit refers to the mismatch between the demands of the job and the capacity of the person to rise up to these demands on a consistent and continuous basis, or if the rewards of the job is not commensurate to the demands being asked of the individual. Balevre made a study that relates maladaptive behavior to the burnout phenomenon.The paper showed that maladaptive thoughts can be changed with proper help, and this changes the nurses negative reactions to a given stimulus, thereby decreasing the resulting burnout phenomenon (2001).

Zara Market Share

Three generations of Data Management in Decision aliment 1. Early 1970s required a repository of data sourced from operational system + other data (e. g. external data) Data was customized for the specific DSS Application-centric approach data support a single or a few related lotions apply to help make the business case for the warahouse Sprague provided the Data-Dialog-Models (DDM) paradigm 2. Late mid-eighties Telecommunications, retailing and financial services industries built warehouses to store vast amounts of customer and sales-related data These industries remain leaders in terms of the size of the warehouses and how the warehouses are used Data-centric approach support a variety of applications 3. In 2000 the movement to real-time data warehousing changes in the way that warehouse data is used variant Previous data aims to understand what had already happened and to predict what would happen in the future * limit to influence real-time decisions and curr ent operations * Now real-time data (current decisions and critical business process) such as customer-facing and supply chain applications roll in the hay be significantly enhanced Real or Right metre ? Incorrect concept applied to warehousing real-time = instantaneous Reason much of warehouse data cannot be captured and entered into the warehouse in seconds or minutes. * big-ticket(prenominal) difficult to make real-time * may not be a business need for real-time data Example Some source systems, e. g. a legacy COBOL program, is undated once a month Continental Airlines a leader in real-time business intelligence won The Data warehousing Institutes prestigious Best Practices and Leadership Awards Real-time data warehouse provide the data that is required to implement real-time BI Firms can use BI to affect current decision making and business processes by usine real-time Importance especially for customer-facing applications, e. g. hose found in recollect centers and check-in processes, help firms become more customer-centric Terms describe firms use real-time BI real-time enterprise , zero latency organization utilisation of real-time BI * increase revenues and decrease costs => improve profitability e. g. Continental Airlines * taken a $30M investment in hardware, software and personnel to contribute over $500M in revenue, resulting in a ROI of over 1,000% Firms essential overcome both organizational and technical challenges for real-time BI successful Organizational must be executive * sponsorship and support * initial and on-going financial support governance processes put in place * BI and data warehousing personnel with the mandatory personnel Technical * acquire and implement new hardware and software * establish processes and procedures for supporting and managing real-time data feeds from source systems * data must be quickly transformed and loaded into the warehouse * data must be analyzed and made available to oper ational systems and personnel briefly discuss an application that illustrates Continentals use of real-time BI focus on the technical issues associated with Continentals implementation of real-time BI

The Lesson of Romeo and Juliet

Stephanie Lloyd Ms. Christenson English 9 May 19, 2010 The Lesson of Romeo and Juliet What happens when you be in love with an enemy of your family? In The Tragedy of Romeo and Juliet this is proficient the case. Romeo and Juliet ar 2 teenagers madly in love with each other, yet their families are at warfare. The dickens of them take all the risks to be to rangeher and deceive their parents prison term and time again. Many spectators of this licentiousness say that the lesson of Romeo and Juliet is that children should not deceive their parents. This is not the lesson at all. The lesson of Romeo and Juliet is that if love is well enough, youll fall out for it.In the play, Juliet and her obligate do numerous things to keep Romeo and Juliet together. Romeo has Juliet tell her nurse to get him a ladder so that he can climb over the walls of the Capulets to see Juliet at night. The devil of them are not afraid to do anything they have to for them to be able to see each other. Romeo and Juliet went as far as to go to friar Lawrence and get married. Their love was so strong that they were willing to take the chance of losing everything dependable to be together, even if it meant dieing for on another. For example, in the play the Capulets, Juliets family and the Montagues, Romeos family are at war.The deuce families hate each other, yet when Romeo and Juliet fall in love the nurse does everything to help hide it. Juliet tells her nurse that she is in love with Romeo, and the nurse keeps it a secret because she knows what would happen if Lady Capulet or Capulet, Juliets family found out. Juliets nurse knows that if she is caught hiding this secret that she will be severely punished. She helps the two of them be together even though she fears the risks of doing so. The nurse is more of Juliets mother than Lady Capulet is. This is the main reason that she helps Juliet so much.The nurse even gets Romeo a ladder so that he will be able to climb over the walls of the Capulets so that he can see Juliet at night. She hides everything from the Capulets, tells them lies approximately where Juliet is when she is seeing Romeo, and at night when Juliet is talking to Romeo and Lady Capulet is coming the nurse warns her so that the two of them wont get caught together. Yes the two of them were deceiving their parents, but they were doing it for love. They did not just do it because they could, it was simply for the love that they had for one another.When you read this play you can feel the emotion through the words Romeo and Juliet speak. As another demonstration on how the lesson of this play is if love is strong enough you will die for it, Romeo and Juliet went against all odds and got married. The two of them went to Friar Lawrence and asked him to marry them. They all knew that this was extremely forbidden because of the war between the families. Friar Lawrence did not want to marry Romeo and Juliet at first, but then he thought that maybe it would end the feud between the two families.Romeo and Juliet, if caught, could have been in more trouble than they had ever imagined. They took this risk because they loved each other and wanted to be together at all costs. These two teenagers did everything they could to be together. The things that they told each other were the most powerful words of love that two people could exchange. Romeo and Juliets love was so strong that they were willing to do anything to stay together. Right before the two of them had planned to have sex to claim each other in their marriage, they were caught.Romeo was banished from Verona for having relations with Juliet. Capulet then told Juliet that she was to marry a boy named Paris. Juliet was heartbroken about this and tried everything that she could to get the wedding stalled so that she would have time to go and find Romeo. Juliet went to Friar Lawrence to ask him for some advice on what she should do. He gave her a potion that would make her sle ep for 42 hours but everyone would think that she was dead. Juliet and Friar came up with the plan for Juliet to drink it the night before her wedding.The next twenty-four hours when no one could wake her everyone would think that she was dead. They would then have a funeral and Juliet would wake before they buried her and go to find Romeo. Things went wrong with the plan though. Friar had sent Romeo a letter telling him that Juliet would be alive, but it never got to him. Romeo returned to Verona and found Juliet. She had already taken the potion and Romeo thought that she was dead. In his eyes, if she was dead then he could not go on living. Romeo killed himself right before Juliet woke up from the affects of the potion.When Juliet woke up and saw that Romeo had killed himself she was devastated. She had lost the love of her life that she had done so much to be with. Juliet killed herself when she saw Romeo because she knew that she would be with him in heaven. The two of them we re finally together in a place where no one could tear them apart. If love is strong enough, youll die for it. This is the real lesson of Romeo and Juliet. Juliet and her nurse did everything they could to keep Romeo and Juliet together. The nurse gave Romeo a ladder to be able to see Juliet at night.Romeo and Juliet even got married behind their families backs. This play shows just how strong love can be and how much two people can care for one another. Many think that they have a strong bond with another person, but a lot of the times it turns out to be nothing. Romeo and Juliet is a case of true undying love for another person. This play shows everyone what love truly is. Its not just something you say because you can, its something you say because you mean it. If you really love mortal youll do anything to be with that person. Is the love you have with someone else strong enough to die for?

Charismatic Leadership Essay

AbstractThis screen put ons an overview of divers(a) drawship geeks and focuses on the magnetic attractionship. It attempts to explain the magnetised attractors process with an font of Mahatma Gandhi as a charismatic attracter. It goes further and explores the attributes that a charismatic leader possesses. The essay also tries to find out various effects of charismatic leadinghip on the organization. period mentioning the positive effects of the charismatic leading, it also investigates the dark side of the charismatic leadership. After reading the essay the readers be expected to get down gained enough familiarity with this kind of leadership and at the end of the essay I would handle to put forth a check of questions regarding charismatic leadership which have remained unanswered after reading the material I have cited.IntroductionAny type of organization runs successfully when it is piloted by a skillful and influential leader. While leaders motivate their foll owers, it is not the only thing leaders domiciliate do. A not bad(predicate) leader puke structure the organization in the government agency he motivations. He represents the culture of the organization and nearly alphaly, it has been observed that effective leaders posses a capacity to outgrowth the productivity of the organization. Various scholars categorize leadership styles in a assorted way. Lewin (1939) classifies leadership styles in three categories Autocratic leadershiphip, Democratic leading and Delegative (Laissez-Faire) Leadership 1. scoop shovel Weber classifies leaders as Bureaucratic Leader, Traditional Leaders and charismatic Leaders 2. In1978 Burns defined yet an other classification Transactional Leaders and Transformational Leaders 2. Burns Transformational Leadership is similar to magnetised Leadership style proposed by Weber. Since 1978 a lot of research has been done on various aspects of charismatic leadership. In this essay I would like to focu s on charismatic leadership, its attributes and traits in charismatic leaders.What is charismatic leadership?Weber defines charismatic leadership as resting on devotion to the exceptional sanctity, heroism or exemplary character of an individual person, and of the normative patterns or order revealed or ordained by him 3. He envisaged religious leaders like Jesus as charismatic leaders. Later researches considered various affable-political leaders like Mahatma Gandhi as charismatic leaders. Dictators like Hitler also had close to charismatic traits. These were the leaders with exceptional qualities which made them almost god-like for their followers. The charm of such people made their followers go behind these leaders without questioning them. While analyzing such a strong bond between the leaders and his followers Weber focuses on the loving patterns and conditions under which the leader exists.However, the later researches throw come down on the psychological attributes of th e leaders which make them successful charismatic leaders. Research shows that charismatic leaders appeal strongly to the values of the followers and it is this psychological gyves between the two which makes the charismatic leadership succeed. Neither the sociologically oriented Weberian approach nor the psychological approach alone can explain charismatic leaders. The approaches unneurotic, however, give the better analysis of charismatic leadership. magnetised Leadership Processmagnetic leadership process is seen as a compound product of threefactors The leader and his attributes, the social situation which demands for such a leader and the interaction between the leader and his followers. Charismatic leadership process undergoes six beats from the rise of the leader to the final routinization and thus the fall of the leader 4. I would like to identify Mahatma Gandhi as a charismatic leader and explain these six steps with an example of his leadership in Indias non-violent free dom movement.Step 1 IdentificationThis step takes place from the composite mixture of the three factors mentioned to a higher place. It is a layer where the aim leader is on the social horizon the followers are in distress and are looking forward to nearlyone who will identify himself with their problems. The social situation is increasingly getting worsened in this stage. This is the period when the leader establishes him as a capability leader but the followers, by large, remain passive. In Gandhis leadership this can be said to have taken place during the years 1915-1920 when Gandhi was back to India from a successful movement in southwestern Africa. India had no tall leader whom it could depend on and Gandhis charisma was just started showing its colors (Champaran and Kheda Satyagraha) 5.Step 2 Activity ArousalIn this step the leader arouses the follower to become the part of the change. Followers who were passive admirers of the leader till the earlier phase become activ e supporters of the leader and the ride for which he is identifying himself. The longer this stage lasts the longer is a span of the charismatic leadership. In Gandhis case this step lasted from 1920 till 1930. Gandhis non-cooperation movement in 1921 is a precise example of activity arousal stage where he awakened the whole country to rise against the British rule 6.Step 3 CommitmentCommitment stage in the charismatic leadership is without any doubt the most provoke step in the process. This step takes the charismatic leadership at the peak and at the corresponding time this is the phase when the charismatic leader starts losing his charisma. This step starts by demonstrating the extreme commitment of the leader towards the goal and same commitment from the followers towards the leader. This demonstration often takes the shape of some kind of sacrifice on the part of the leader or impending danger on the leader. This sacrifice or danger makes the image of the leader as courageous and dedicated in the eyes of many followers. Interestingly, this same act makes some of the selected followers disillusioned and they start suspecting their leader as pompous and hypocrite. This is the stage where the leadership can be bifurcated into two categories as a modify leadership and socialized leadership. The first-class honours degree type of leadership tends to become authoritarian and exploitative.The second type of leader is more(prenominal) egalitarian and he will look at power and responsibility with others. In either way, the personalized leader will become dictator and will lose his charisma and the socialized type of leader will help routinizing the leadership The example for personalized leader can be of Hitler who ultimately became a dictator. Gandhi can be seen as a nuclear fusion of both types with definitive inclination towards socialized type of leadership. For Gandhi the commitment stage can be said to have lasted from 1930 to 1935. Salt Satyagraha c an be considered as the peak of his charisma and the diplomatic failure at the Round Table Conference can be seen as the first symbol of the next step of the disenchantment 7.Step 4 DisenchantmentThis phase is quite unavoidable and sometimes rase intentional on the part of the leader. Many times social structure brings the disenchantment stage. Sometimes, because the leaders themselves know that they are not immortal, they try to bring the routinization in the leadership. This routinization brings the feel of loss of goal to some followers. This step whitethorn lose some of the strongest followers from the leader. This step is also an outcome ofthe scenario when the leader seems to be failing. As the charismatic leaders are not very good at the formal procedural leadership 4 more routinization brings more failure and more disenchantment of the followers. In Gandhis case disenchantment started from 1933 and lasted till 1938 in which stage he lost many of his old followers like Subha s Chandra Bose 8. However this is the phase where the process of routinization seemed to have taken place distinctly.Step 5 DepersonalizationThis step is a logical follower of the earlier step of disenchantment. Disenchantment starts because of routinization and it leads to the depersonalization and formalization of the leadership. The leadership style becomes more and more like bureaucratic leadership. The leader starts delegating his tasks to his followers. This phase comes in Gandhis leadership during 1938-1942. This is the period when he made it clear that Jawaharlal Nehru will be his political heir. It is the time when he withdrew himself partly from the active politics 9.Step 6 AlienationThis is a process of disintegration of the three factors mentioned in the beginning which had come together in phase one. In this step, due to the formalization and bureaucratization of the leadership, charismatic leadership becomes increasingly redundant. The followers feel that the organizat ion and the leader are going away from the initial goal and thus they start alienatingthemselves from the organization and the charisma of the leader fades as the social situation which has made him appeal to the masses has changed. This stage does not necessarily mean the failure of the leader. In many cases, having achieved the goal for which the charismatic leader had risen, the leader becomes redundant for his followers and the goal itself becomes redundant for the leader. days 1942-1948 show this phase in Gandhis leadership. Though Gandhi remained popular and worshiped leader of India till his assassination, his charisma faded gradually in his last years 10.Attributes of Charismatic leadersAfter having described what is charismatic leadership and how does it work, it is interesting to find out what makes one a charismatic leader. What are the attributes that a charismatic leader posses or what are the traits which make someone a potential charismatic leader? It is clear from the above discussion that the actual rise of such a leader is a composite function of various variables. However, this section will try to describe the personal traits that make a person a potential leader. there are some attributes which are exhibited by a person at his childhood or adolescence which make a person potential charismatic leader. This statement is quite ambitious and somewhat exaggerated. However, the converse of the sentence is true. The research shows that charismatic leaders do show some specific pattern of conduct at their adolescence 11.Parental Attachment Style and Parental Psychological Control 11 It has been observed that a way a child is attached to his parents in his adolescence plays important role shaping him as an effective charismatic leader. It is seen that young adult securely attached to his parents tends to form a positive relationship with his followers in the later life.Many of the qualities possessed by a charismatic leader such as self-confidenc e, self-esteem are also found in a child who has a parental attachment style which is secure, autonomous and pageantrys relatedness. These attributes are considered as positive attributes in parental attachment style for the development of a charismatic leader. It is also obvious that these qualities in the parental attachment style make the child emerging to an adult more self-aware and help him make sense of his place in the world. Empirical research suggests that charismatic leaders also have same sense of self-awareness and they are often introspective in evaluating their own beliefs. Thus, it is proposed that there is a positive relationship between parental attachment style and displays of charismatic leadership byemergent adult.It is seen, on the other hand, that parental control impedes the development of an emergent adult. Excessive psychological control by parents on the child makes him insecure and less confident. This proves to be a restraint in his development as a c harismatic leader. Parental psychological control also acts as an obstacle in establishing social relations and it draw a situation of isolation for the emergent adult. Psychological control is seen as a negative factor in emergent adults displays of charismatic leadership isolated from above mentioned attribute, which attempts to answer the question who are the charismatic leaders, there are some attributes which try to answer the question what makes a person a charismatic leader. Here are some traits which can be identified with the charismatic leader 12.Self-MonitoringOne of the qualities of the charismatic leaders is that they watch themselves. They are constantly aware of the fact that their followers are watching them and so they find it important that they portray a good picture of themselves for their followers. As the charismatic leaders are born out of the blend of social scenario and followers needs, it becomes imperative for such leaders to constantly identify themselve s with that social scenario and the need. Charismatic leaders can manage that only if they monitor themselves to make sure that they are still answering to the same plea which made them such a popular leader.Self-ActualizationSelf motivation is an important part of charismatic leadership. The leader gets motivated by the social scenario without being prompted about it. He can call up his followers with the vigor only when he is self-actualized himself. It has been observed that such leaders not only motivate themselves but they have a capacity to turn this self-actualization to theirfollowers as well. They actually raise their followers from one level to the higher level.Motive to Attain PowerCharismatic leaders often do not seek conventional power. They may not ask for an official post or position but what they look for is a social power. They want their follower to respect them and see them as their saviors. They want to win the position in their followers hearts. They look for identifying themselves with their followers values and overlap beliefs. Such leaders are rated high on their social skills to persuade the masses and appeal them to their hearts. It is this power which keeps them popular for longer time.Self EnhancementCharismatic leaders are known for their self-correcting nature. They judge themselves on a strict scale. They continuously strive to become better. They, in fact, know that it is this superiority in them which makes them different from their followers. Charismatic leaders believe that when eventually they will bring their followers to their present level of superiority, they themselves should have gone one step above it to remain their leaders.Openness to ChangeWhile most of the other types of the leaders try to maintain status-quo as they are often afraid that change force depose them from the power, charismatic leaders are open to change. In fact, they represent the change and many times they prove to be the ones who bring about t he changes. It is interesting to note that charismatic leaders are most powerful in the situation which demands the changesOutcomes of charismatic leadershipHaving seen the process of the charismatic leadership and the attributes which the charismatic leaders posses, it becomes unavoidable to discuss the outcomes of the charismatic leadership. Many scholars see charismatic leadership as positive force which yields desirable results. However thereare some scholars who focus on negative aspects of the charismatic leadership. We will see both sides of the charismatic leadership. It is observed that charismatic leadership motivates followers to give extra rig than what is expected from them otherwise. It also achieves self-actualization in its followers 12. It is seen that charismatic leadership works in a social structure to heighten the morale of the followers. It shapes the society the way the followers and the leader had dreamt. In the business world also the charismatic leadership works positively. It increases the overall performance of the organization. It creates a sense offulfillment in the followers. It also creates a sense of unity and belongingness in the followers towards the organization.Charismatic leadership also has severe negative effects in some cases. The share vision and ideas between the leader and followers create enormous energy in the organization. The leader can employ this energy in destructive way. The more the leaders self-confident is the more are the chances that the leader will misuse the power. Its been observed in many cases that charismatic leaders have abused their powers. Many companies have witnessed their high rank leaders going corrupt 13. Because of excellent communication abilities of the charismatic leaders and due to the fact that they display some kind of charisma, the whole organization follows these leaders wholeheartedly and there remain absolutely no resistance for the leader.Without any check on the power, it doe snt take time for the leader to go corrupt. Any healthy organization shows competition for power which also represents bother between values and with lack of this tussle there remains no control on the leader. Followers of the charismatic leaders are so blinded by his charisma that they might even do some acts that they wouldnt have done ordinarily. Atrocious acts by German soldiers under Hitlers leadership are an apt example 13. It was an for sure loyalty for their leader that compelled them to act in the way that they mostly wouldnt have acted otherwise.DiscussionThis essay explains enough information about the charismatic leadership. There are some questions about the charismatic leadership which have still remained unanswered. After describing the attributes of the charismatic leader and the positive and negative outcomes of the charismatic leadership, it remains unbeknown(predicate) that what makes a charismatic leader a hero andwhat makes him a villain. Are there any specif ic attributes that make charismatic leader as a hero or a villain? The second question is regarding the making of charismatic leaders. After establishing that the charismatic leaders have current characteristics, it remains to see that if everyone having those attributes can become a successful leader. And this question gives rise to yet another question that whether a charismatic leader can be made. Is it possible to create charismatic leaders by formal education? Third and last question largely depends on the first two questions If such charismatic leaders can be created by professional training then is it possible to create a hero type of charismatic leaders and avoid dark side of the charismatic leadership?Note Although I have mentioned charismatic leader as him throughout the essay, the modish research shows that women are more apt to become a charismatic leaders 14. I have mentioned the charismatic leaders as him because of the fact that most of the charismatic leaders known to the world are men and the examples which I have used are all male leadersReferences1.Lewin, K., R. Lippitt, et al. (1939). PATTERNS OF AGGRESSIVE way IN EXPERIMENTALLY CREATED SOCIAL CLIMATES. ledger of Social Psychology 10(2) 271-299.2. Transformational Leadership nmsu.edu. 21 November 20083. Charismatic Domination Wikipedia The Free Encyclopedia. 22 November 20084. Jacobsen, C. (2001). Dynamics of charismatic leadership A process theory, simulation model, and tests. Leadership Quarterly 12(1) 75.5. Tendulkar, D. G. Mahatma, vol. 1, revised ed., pp. 198-213, The result Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Government of India, 1960 6. Tendulkar, D. G. Mahatma, vol. 2, revised ed., The Publication Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Government of India, 19607. Tendulkar, D. G. Mahatma, vol. 3, revised ed., pp. 91-131, The Publication Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Government of India,1960 8. Tendulkar, D. G. Mahatma, vol. 5, revised ed., pp. 85-101, The Publication Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Government of India, 1960 9. Tendulkar, D. G. Mahatma, vol. 6, revised ed., pp. 1-45, The Publication Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Government of India, 1960 10. Tendulkar, D. G. Mahatma, vol. 8, revised ed., The Publication Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Government of India, 196011. Towler, A. (2005). Charismatic leadership development role of parental attachment style and parental psychological control. Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies 11(4) 15(11).12. Jung, D. and J. J. Sosik (2006). Who are the spellbinders? Identifying personal attributes of charismatic leaders. Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies 12(4) 12(15). 13. DeCelles, K. A. and M. D. Pfarrer(2004). Heroes or villains? Corruption and the charismatic leader. Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies 11(1) 67(11). 14. Groves, K. S. (2005). Gender differences in social and emotional skills and charismatic leadership. Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies 11(3) 30(17).

Business Economics Essay

Cindy wants to invest in a new business that involves the facility of solar ornaments. In order to make an informed decision on this business venture, she allow need to review potential profit/loss in the solar panel industry by considering future prospects for this type of business. Cindy also needs to decide whether she impart invest her own funds or take in the money to start the business.The imminent growth of the solar photovoltaic (PV) industry is almost certain. When observing the rising personifys of coal and natural gas prices, the strike of PV system costs, and the government support of solar technology, the PV market looks to have a significant increase in volume over the next few years. jibe to SolarBuzz, a website dedicated to Solar Power and Energy, The solar PV industry has reached a critical tipping point, with end-market take up hitting record levels almost every quarter. This growth is existence driven by leading module suppliers and project developers tha t returned to profitability during 2013, and which have now established highly-effective global sales and marketing networks. (NPD Group, Inc., 2013)The article also states that demand in Q114 will also achieve record-breaking status, as the strongest first-quarter ever seen by the PV industry. (NPD Group, Inc., 2013) The cost of production for solar panels has decreased significantly. The average cost for tier 1 solar photovoltaic manufacturers is expected to fall 6% during 2014, continuing the downward trend set in place since 2008, bringing the boilers suit cost to a record low of $0.20 per watt, according to the latest research from NPD. (NPD Group, Inc., 2013) Further consumer incentives include demean utility bills, increased tax credits and high resale values. Homes with solar-power system using photovoltaic (PV) panels sell for an average of $24,705 more than homes without PV systems, research finds. (Tanaka, 2014)The government supports the c at a timept of solar power and aims to make it a major elan vital source. Solar power as cheap as coal that is the holy grail of the solar power industry (R. Glenn Hubbard, 2012) organization support includes generous subsidies to the consumer and producers of the PV industry. Government agencies, utilities and others offer a variety of tax credits, rebates and other incentives to support energy efficiency, encourage the use of renewable energy sources, and support efforts to conserve energy and change magnitude pollution. (Energy, 2014) I see four main factors influencing the price elasticity of demand Availability of close substitutes.Are there many available close substitutes for solar panels? The demand will tend to be elastic if Cindy and her customer can switch among the various types of PVs for the same desired feature. Are PVs a necessity or a luxury?Currently, PVs would be considered an elastic form of energy because there are other forms of electricity (coal/power plants). We once considered per sonal computers a luxury and they are now a necessity. Perhaps PVs will be viewed the same way in the future. How much of my income will PVs consume?A large portion of consumers income equals elasticity. What portion of income can your client devote to the cost of solar panels? If it is a large deal out (elastic), what tradeoffs will client need to consider to make it a worthwhile purchase? What is the time horizon when making decisions on PVs? PV systems have full-bodied life cycles of 30-50 years. (Brownson, 2014) A longer time horizon is said to be elastic.RecommendationsUpon review of various criteria such as elasticity of demand, cost of production, etc, I would encourage Cindy to pursue this business venture. This sector is set to grow exponentially in the future. The fall in solar PV prices as well as other incentives will cause higher demand forinstallation. This will benefit Cindys new business venture by bringing more installation business and lower input costs. This can be seen in the demand supply figureIt also makes good economic sense for Cindy to borrow money for her solar panel business venture as the government provides various subsidies to businesses involved in clean energy. In total, the federal energy tax subsidies will cost more than $16 billion in 2013, up from only $5 billion in 2005. (Bastach, 2013) Cindy can benefit from a piece of the clean energy subvention pie.BibliographyBastach, M. (2013, March 13). Most energy tax subsidies go toward green energy, energy efficiency. Retrieved from The Daily Caller http//dailycaller.com/2013/03/14/cbo-most-energy-tax-subsidies-go-toward-green-energy-energy-efficiency/ Brownson, J. (2014, May 25). Department of Energy and Mineral Engineering. Retrieved from Penn disk operating system University https//www.e-education.psu.edu/eme810/node/593 Energy, U. D. (2014, may 25). Tax Credits, Rebates, and Savings. Retrieved from Energy.gov http//energy.gov/savings NPD Group, Inc. (2013, December). Solar buzz. Retrieved from Solarbuzz http//www.solarbuzz.com/news/recent-findings/strong-growth-forecast-solar-pv-industry-2014-demand-reaching-49-gw R. Glenn Hubbard, A. P. (2012). Economics. VitalSouce bookshelf version. Tanaka, S. (2014, May 22). Payback Time for Solar-Power Energy Systems. Retrieved from The Wall Street Journal http//online.wsj.com/news/articles/SB10001424052702304198504579571960667560156?mg=reno64-wsj& uniform resource locator=http%3A%2F%2Fonline.wsj.com%2Farticle%2FSB10001424052702304198504579571960667560156.html

Internet Marketing: A blessing or a curse Essay

Internet marketing is a phenomenon that was introduced recently due to the sudden boom in the usage of mesh. People invite non only become used to the internet and its ease, in fact, they have become so reliant and dependant on it that it can qualify as an colony these daytimes. Now, life without internet has become unimaginable for all age groups and backgrounds (Benkler, 2006). This is something that traffickers capitalized on. Marketers aim to reach their consumers and catch their attention in whatever way possible with whatever medium that is the most effective and efficient.Every target market/segment uses internet that is, the entire customer base is available to the marketer online thus, apply the internet as a platform to promote their product is nonhing but a wise idea. Marketers had flooded the television, thinking that customers are now more easily available on the TV compared to newspapers and posters. As strange as it may sound, gradually, the amount of people of ages 18 26 watching TV has trim (Ginster, 2005). Viewing of TV shows, movies and programs are easier online on either the home website or Youtube because of the ease of timing and general conveniences.Thus, at the end of the day, it is all about internet marketing if a marketer wants the product to succeed (Malan, 2006). The reason for this is that there is a product purchase journey which has steps such as familiarization and awareness as the first ones the internet is used as a medium to instil the familiarity and position the product in the appropriate manners in the heads of the potence customers. (Mangold & Faulds) Internet marketings basic tools are emails, websites, advertisements on various websites, youtube, social media like Facebook and Twitter.However, it is not limited to these tools when an online record of all the customers is kept to give up them with better customized and personalized service, this is called an Electronic Customer Relationship Management Da tabase. This has become more and more critical today because of the increasingly sharper customers each day who need to be provided with value and will not settle for something that does not meet the expectations and the promise made by the companies.BlessingsInternet marketing has helped companies cut peck on their advertising budgets and save up a lot of finances that were earlier utilized for heavy marketing all over the cities and countries. However, in the eluding of internet marketing, every customer, no matter which corner of the world they are physically present at can access the same advertisement and fashion at the brochures etc. The geographical advantage helps the marketers a lot, but not just them (Bove, 2000). The customers are also at an advantage because they can look at the product, research on it and purchase it according to their convenience.This also increases the purchasing frequency of the customers along with the speed of transaction, creating an advantage for the company (Story, 2008) Another advantage is that the marketers do not need to worry about keeping a track or record of all the transactions. There is an automatic electronic record generated as and when performance takes place. There are several methods of doing that per click, per purchase, per action etc. This way, the statistics can help the marketers figure out what is more popular amongst the customers.In a way, via internet marketing, the marketer can receive feedback about the campaign instantly and make amendments and more appealing (Czepiel, 1990) Tools like Facebook, Twitters, Linkedin are used so much by most everybody that even if the marketer gives one single ad to be placed right next to a Facebook page, a huge difference can be made. Curse In a way, internet marketing creates a barrier between those users who have a fast internet connection and those who own a slower one. These advertisements sometimes have pictures and videos which are heavy to download and cannot be accessed with a low quality internet connection.In some areas, the internet is ceaselessly low thus, this in a way limits the customer market and the number of people they can target. (Anonymous, 2008) The establishment and installation of internet marketing as a system in the organization needs a few initial costs which are pretty huge. These include higher technology equipments and programs that help aspiration internet advertisements (Kotler & Armstrong, 1996). For customers, sometimes it is a turn off because buying a product without holding it is a little more of a gamble than usual.The wizard of touch, sight, smell and taste in some cases is very important for the customer to be able to judge how well the product fits into his/her requirements (Strativity Group, Inc. , 2009). Very importantly, sometimes, the internet becomes so messy and cluttered with ads and information and the advertisement put by the marketer does not remain visible, evident and unique anymo re. It becomes part of that clutter and eventually feels temper and unappealing to the eyes. Keeping everything aside, the biggest curse of internet marketing is the security concern.Information provided by both the marketers and the customers is confidential for them and they do not want it to be divulge it to anybody (Bitner, 1995) however, when it comes to the internet, nothing is guaranteed hacking is extremely common. Also, online purchases that charge the money on the credit card before the delivery of the item have no guarantee. There is also no guarantee of the security of the credit card number added to the website for payment (Gentle, 2009) Conclusion My personal opinion is that internet marketing has been a blessing and not a curse for all of us.The reason for this is that as customers, it has helped us mature because of being right there in front of us all the time. Our awareness levels have increased and our understanding of a product and its analysis is just a click away. Everything has become so convenient and quick. It has helped us gain more horizon because information is only a second away. There are issues as well but everything has issues if the usage is done properly and if a structure which does not have all of the above mentioned issues is developed, then internet marketing can be a complete blessing for all.

Modern Means of Communication Have Introduced Relevant Changes in Our Lives

As humans present a highly developed brain, new innovations in conversation atomic number 18 created to make our living standards better. However, there has been a debate on whether such changes benefit our lives more than worsening them. In this essay, I pull up stakes draw out both side of view and state what I think. In this modern world, telephones are no longer the only device used to communicate with other people. For example, using new package applications equivalent skype, is undoubtedly one of the popular ways for communication.In this way, we can surf the net and chat with our friends at the same time. Time can be more well-spent and furthermore, extra phone bills can be protected as well. Another advantage for communicating via electronic devices is convenience. For those who cannot bother going outdoors to meet up with someone, such modern technology can certainly solve their dilemma. On the contrary, others suggest that such sheer of communication can make pe oples social skills degenerate.As time passes, people tend to parry how to conversation to each other naturally when it comes to the necessity of face-to-face communication. In addition, such phenomenon can maturation the popularity of acedia in ones habit. To sum up, I would admit the fact that modern instrument of communication can add unexpected good points to our social lives. Thus, the downsides cannot be ignored. It would be better if we actuate ourselves to go out with others once in a while to regain the confidence we used to have a bun in the oven in our social lives.Modern Means of Communication Have Introduced Relevant Changes in Our LivesAs humans have a highly developed brain, new innovations in communication are created to make our living standards better. However, there has been a debate on whether such changes benefit our lives more than worsening them. In this essay, I will point out both side of view and state what I think. In this modern world, telephones ar e no longer the only device used to communicate with other people. For example, using new software applications like skype, is undoubtedly one of the popular ways for communication.In this way, we can surf the net and chat with our friends at the same time. Time can be more well-spent and furthermore, extra phone bills can be saved as well. Another advantage for communicating via electronic devices is convenience. For those who cannot bother going outdoors to meet up with someone, such modern technology can certainly solve their dilemma. On the contrary, others suggest that such trend of communication can make peoples social skills degenerate.As time passes, people tend to forget how to talk to each other naturally when it comes to the necessity of face-to-face communication. In addition, such phenomenon can increase the popularity of laziness in ones habit. To sum up, I would admit the fact that modern means of communication can add unexpected good points to our social lives. Thus, the downsides cannot be ignored. It would be better if we remind ourselves to go out with others once in a while to regain the confidence we used to have in our social lives.

Small-Scale Fish Farming in Bangladesh

lilliputian- shell look for demesne in Bangladesh Introduction For many a(prenominal) people in Bangladesh weensy-scale slant turning is an authorized opportunity to generate income and is a signifi ro implementt nutritional source providing protein-rich intellectual nourishment all year round. It comprises of a range of options that toilet be adapted to suit the needs and message of people living in rural Bangladesh. The two approaches comm single implemented on a refined scale atomic number 18 Local pool slant farming at extended(p) pee seek farming in lakes, rivers, dams and reservoirs The benefit to slump-income husbandmans is that they atomic number 18 able to invest in tilt cultivation when there is qualified income, which will then be able to generate excess income and food when other sources of income argon limited. ofttimes(prenominal) of Bangladesh is flooded annually during the monsoon season as urine flows into the country through the Ganga (Ga nges), Brahmaputra and Meghna rivers. This fork ups an extensive range of habitats for foolish and cultivated slant species. weight catches be high upest after the monsoon rains when supplies of other foods, such as rice, argon low. With so much(prenominal) water, searching plays a vital role in the economy of rural villages. Fish farming options corking intensive One of the main(prenominal) trends in fish culture over recent age has been towards capital-intensive, high-input high-yield systems, which groundwork dramatically improve the rate of production if operated in ideal conditions. The development of practical hatching techniques has vastly improved fish cultivation and allowed careful breeding and selection of desired species to take place.Although these techniques were introduced to Bangladesh some years ago, it has taken time for them to become established. Commercially produced fish have become a significant affinity of the total fish supply. But intensive cul tivation methods increase the cost of fish production beyond the r for each champion of pitiableer farmers. Consequently, alternative inexpensive approaches have been promoted by NGOs working in the country. Fish farming for the poorAn big variety of water bodies, including rivers, irrigation canals, flood plains, beels (large depressions), ox bow lakes and ponds are dispersed throughout Bangladesh offering hefty potential for fish cultivation, barely a general lack of capital, access to resources and knowl bunt means that many farmers are unable to provide all the commercial inputs unavoidable for intensive production methods. An alternative low-cost approach is more appropriate for many people, relying on existing water bodies and natural vegetation and kinfolk waste, supplemented with animal protein in the variety show of gathers and home do supplements for fish fecundate.Many NGOs are adopting strategies to minimise the inherent guessiness of fish culture by underta king research into low-input systems, low-cost technology, fast growing species and alternative caution arranges. pool culture Site selection is an important factor in the success of a fish farm but the ideal site is usually not available to poorer families. Site location will be dependent on a number of factors The fish species being raised. Soil superior, which affects water tone of voice and productivity. An nice supply of water. Land experienceership. Marketplace and market conditions. Fish food and other inputs available to the farmer. Groups adjacent to water. more than than 1 meter water retention capacity for at least 6 months of the year. Pollution free. Ideally, the fishpond should be 0. 5 to 1. 0 metres at the shallow end and sloping to 1. 5 to 2 . 0 metres at the drain end. Drain vales, baffle boards or tilt-over standpipes should be incorporated into the invention. It should be possible to drain the pond within three days. The edges of the pond should have a slope of 21 or 31 on all sides.If possible the pond should be located to take advantage of the exit of the wind on the surface of the pond to mix the water although locations that are too windy can cause erosion of dykes. If the site is very windy the long side of the pond should be at right angles to the prevailing wind. Hedges and trees can be utilise to protect the pond. In practice, existing ponds and pools are colossal in Bangladesh, often located near to farmers homes. Small-scale fish cultivation is mainly a junior-grade occupation for farmers. These ponds tend to be scurvy (less than 0. 5 acres) and do not have any water drain facility. They are commonly referred to as fishponds but are in fact borrow pits, where man has been removed for building. Fish breading is just one of the activities that the ponds are use for. Other uses may include domestic help water use, washing, irrigation or duck keeping. Ponds are occasionally integrated into paddy fields as addit ional ditches. Consequently, the ponds have many limitations for producing fish. In managing the ponds there are many potential problems to be considered, including Broken pond banks check the pond walls on a regular basis. An irregular water supply, too much water in the monsoon season and too little in the summer. Predators check the pond for signs of snake and rat holes. The Boal fish is a particular menace that eats smaller fish. Grazing animals can damage the pond banks and should be kept out of the way. Silting or a build up of organic matter check the cornerstone of the pond and scoop silt out when required. Mud on the bottom of the ponds can be stimulate with a rope to release harmful gasses. Leakage check the inlet and outlet on a regular basis. Fish diseases check the fish on a regular basis. Poor water quality lime can be added to improve the water quality. Open water fish farming Open water fish farming is specially suited to Bangladesh with its many water sourc es. batting cages or pens are use to separate an area of larger water bodies for fish cultivation. The selected water source should be of good quality with low turbidity. Dams and reservoirs primarily exist to store water but as a secondary lock these bodies of water can be packed with fingerlings or fry and the fish can be harvested by and by on employ nets.In river locations a slow incumbent is necessary and there should be little misgiving from water traffic. The disadvantages are Fish farmers have little control of the water, as they do not own the dam or reservoir. Water cannot be drained, as the main function of the resource is to provide water. in that location are likely to be more predators of the fish in the water. It is not possible to feed or fertilize the water, as occurs in more intensive fish farming, so there is a trust on naturally occurring fish food. There is a potential risk from disease but song held in small-scale chicken coops scattered around v illages will probably be less vulnerable than stock held in more concentrated and centralized commercial systems. The risk from theft and vandalism is a severe problem in some places. This is especially real for the poorest people who are perceived as free victims. A significant expansion of henhouse culture activities in some villages could lead to local depletion of snail or other foods, to the detriment of ducks and other domestic and wild animals. Multiple ownership of ponds can be a major drawback to the effective use of such resources.Consensus over access to the water for the poor has to be developed. Figure 2 Bilkish Begum and Hamida Begum working with fish cages (Photo credit applicatory swear out / Zul) Fish cages Cages are used as a form of farming in their own right within flowing or large bodies of water and can also be used in small pond fish culture to protect fingerlings in the initial stages of development. Small cages with a capacity of one cubic metre are qualified for fingerling protection. The cage can hold up to 300 fish at a time. People grow fish in their local ponds using a simple(a) fish cage known locally as a hapa.A few young fish are put into each hapa, which acts as their home, floating just below the surface of the pond. Cage construction Cages can be make using a few cheap materials. Bamboo poles form an outer kind that is covered in benefit inside is a nursery section for the younger, more delicate fish and floats are added at the corners. A cage is a very simple means of restraining fish in one place and it can be easily made using local materials. Cage design mustiness incorporate indisputable physical properties, including the ability to hold fish securely but also to be within the financial means of the cage operators.The cages presently used are small in size, measuring between 1 and 2m3, inexpensive and simple to construct. Farmers use both instaled and floating cages. In general, fixed cages are installed in water where the astuteness is relatively low and bamboo poles can be fixed into the riverbed or substrate. planless cages do not have this limitation and can be used in deep water. floating cages tend to be easier to manage but when selecting the type and design the following points should be considered Ability remark availability Natural disaster Type of water body Water depth Water current Water retention period over one year Social problem Cage management resolute cages Fixed cages are very easy to construct and only require a small amount of capital investment. The materials needed to make fixed cages are netting with an 8mm mesh size, bamboo, rope, twine and sinker. terrene management is difficult for these cages and dos, strong currents, tidal surges and flooding may cause damage if precautionary measures are not taken. Fixed cages are difficult to move from one place to another during water fluctuation.A abstract cover is usually provided on cages to reduc e the risk of fish escaping, especially in areas prone to photograph floods where water levels rise very quickly. A small opening is kept at one edge or in the middle of the top covering for feeding purposes. A feeding platform made of fine mesh is determined on the bottom of each cage to minimise food loss. To fix the cage, four bamboo poles are fixed in the substrate and the four top and bottom corners of the cage are tied to the bamboo poles with nylon rope, allowing the cage netting to stretch.To minimise installation cost and to reduce daily management labour, cages are sometimes fixed in rows with a narrow space between the adjacent cages. Floating cages The size of the cage is usually 1m3. A top net is always used to minimise escapees because the cage is only a few centimetres above the water surface. The top of the cage is on hinges that can be overt to allow feeding, the checking of fish, the removal of waste and harvesting. A layer of fine mesh net is placed on the bott om of the cage and 10 centimetres up each side which reduces food loss.However, where water has a high turbidity, the use of fine mesh is not recommended as it clogs up the mesh and causes structural stress on the cage frame. In these areas, feeding trays should be used instead of fine mesh. Buoyancy is achieved by using four plastic floats (buoys) which are tied to the four horizontal frames, approximately 10 centimetres from the top of the cage. Bamboo frame cage To make a 1m3 bamboo cage, twelve one metre long bamboo sticks (about 2cm in diameter) are required and fixed into the holes of the angles, one angle for each corner, giving a box shape. Advantages and disadvantages of fixed and floating cages Fixed cages Floating cages Advantages Cost per unit is small Water volume remains constant even with a fluctuation in the water Not damaged by storms level painless age management Cage can be installed in deep water Cage bags get around properly in the water Floating cage with box type frame gives adequate space inside Easy to construct In tidal water bodies the effective cage depth is greater Disadvantages Water depth inside cage varies with the fluctuation of the water Cost per unit is higher than fixed cages level alga deposits on cage net affect the water exchange Vulnerable to tidal surge and storm Cage management i. e. modify, moving and sampling are not easy Cage cannot be installed in all types of water bodies Due to water flow sometimes the cage bag does not spread properly Prone to crab cutting Easy to steal fish by lifting the cage Poorer fish growth and higher mortality rate During flooding may wash away Cage managementCare of cages cleaning of aquatic weeds nearby, removal of water hyacinth, cleaning of waste feeds from cages, cleaning of deposited silts from cage, removal of dead fishes, checking cage frames, floats, ties, anchors, feeding trays etc. , cage shifting, considering the water level, checking water pollution an d guarding. Care of net Algae fixing should be cleaned at regular basis to ensure water exchange, net holes must be check into properly and need quick repairing when necessary. Care of fish profitability depends on proper attention to the fish growth, regular, adequate and quality feeding is important. Fish health and disease should be monitored during feeding and sampling.The fish must be fed daily using aquatic weed or a mixture of rice bran, oil cakes, kitchen waste, chopped snails or cow dung. Minimising risk of cage culture Appropriate cage design can help minimise failure. The use of more than one cage per household greatly reduces the risk of an individual losing all fish. Placing many cages together in clusters also reduces the risk of poaching. Individual farmers can form groups that can guard the fish and therefore considerably reduce potential poaching threats. Fish types Fish is an important part of the diet for the people in Bangladesh providing protein calcium, fatty acids and vitamins.Traditionally, a variety of local species were used in ponds, mainly carp, caught from the wild as spawn (fertilised eggs or small fish). One of the main drawbacks of this source of supply is that along with the desired fish species come many undesirable ones Most of the species presently used in the cages in Bangladesh are exotics. However, for decades these fish have bred naturally and distributed themselves throughout the flood plains and the delta. vulgar fish types The selection a suitable fish species will depend on various biological and economic factors, such as Market price Growth rate Ability to reproduce simple culture of young fish Match of fish and available fish feed Water temperature is an important criteria in assessing which fish species is suitable. The main types of cultivated fish are Carp, Tilapia and Catfish. Other fish suitable to cultivation are eel, tawes, mullet, snakeskin, and rohu. Some fish are more suitable to pond condit ions than others, some fish will not adapt the confined conditions while others such as the indigenous Koi (Anabas testidunous) have been rig to thrive in cages. Small indigenous species In addition to the main cultivated species there are many indigenous breeds of fish that play an important role in the nutrition of the population.These fish are classed as small indigenous species although not all fish within this classification are particularly small. Of the 260 species of fresh water fish found locally, over 140 species are classified as Small Indigenous Species (baby) and account for over 80% of the total catch, consumed by the poorer section, as preferred species. The term SIS would seem to be a recent re interpretation of the Bangla word chotmach (literally small fish) as remote to Boromach (literally large fish). Common fish within the small indigenous species category include Figure 3 Bilkish with prepared food for her fish (Photo credit Practical Action / Zul) Small catf ish Knifefishes Snakeheads Needlefishes Minnows, Rasboras, and bards Loaches Anchovies and sardines Spiny eels upgrade perch Gobies Mud Perches Glassfishes Fresh water prawns Small, low-value fish are particularly important for the extremely poor after the rice harvest when the demand for their labour declines. Feeding the fish With the non-intensive approach it is possible to feed fish on nothing more than scraps and waste, duck weed, oil cake, kitchen waste, rice bran and snails which will provide all the nutrition required. Some low-cost feeds are bought in by the households, typically rice bran and oilcake, but these costs are minimal.Occasionally, the diet may be supplemented with commercially available compound feeds. In to the highest degree cases a mixture of diets is offered, according to their availability and needs of the fish. Fish harvesting and marketing Growth is quick in the warm climate of Bangladesh and the fish attain marketable size within 3-9 mont hs, providing farmers with a rapid return on their investment and labour. Fingerling production culture cycle is between 1 and 2 months. Cage nursery producers can sell fingerlings to the pond farmers and ox-bow lake operators. Fish for food culture cycle is between 4 and 6 months. Fish food producers consume the cage fish as well as marketing them in the market.Figure 4 A group of landless women discussing finances in Madaripur (Photo credit Practical Action / Neil Cooper) Profitability depends on many factors including the type of water body and culture, cage construction materials, the choice of fish species, fingerling size and price, stocking density, feed price, availability of protein rich feed, culture duration, cage management, harvesting and marketing. Another concern relates to economies of scale. about all enterprises are subject to economies of scale, and cage culture is no exception. The labour of looking after one small cage is far greater per kilogram of product th an that for looking after a large one.The cost of the cage per kilogram of production will also be higher for a small cage versus a large cage. However, co-operative use of labour can be used to realise economies of scale in relation to labour, and this is already done in many villages. The third concern, related to the second, is comparative advantage. A significant proportion of the fish is intended to be sold for cash rather than consumed by the farmer and his family. In the medium term, an important question is whether small-scale producers in villages are well placed to debate either with larger commercial producers, or producers from elsewhere. If they are not, and if competition increases, then prices and returns will steadily decline.In practice there is strong local demand for fish throughout the country, and small-scale producers are well placed to serve widely-dispersed rural markets. Secondly, the use of surplus off-season and/or family labour is itself a comparative advantage. Thirdly, in those systems which use local food resources, such as natural foods and kitchen wastes, feed costs are relatively low compared with those for commercial producers. Small-scale fish producers should therefore be able to survive competition in much the same way as village-scale poultry producers have survived, and even to some extent benefit from the change magnitude number of intensive poultry operations. References and further reading Small-scale Freshwater Fish Farming by van Ear et al.Agromisa 1996 Cage and Pen Fish Farming Carrying Capacity Models and Environmental Impact FAO Fisheries Technicla reputation 225, 1984 Food, Livelihoods and Freshwater Ecology The Significance of Small Indigenous Fish Species, ITDG Bangladesh, 1999 For further information, please contact Practical Action The Schumacher Centre for Technology and Development Bourton-on-Dunsmore Warwickshire CV23 9QZ United Kingdom Tel + 44 (0)1926 634400 Fax + 44 (0)1926 634401 electronic mail emailprotected org. uk Website www. practicalaction. org Practical Action Bangladesh G. P. O. Box 3881 Dhaka 1000 Bangladesh Tel + 880 (0)2 8111934, 9110060, 9123671 Fax + 880 (0)2 8113134 E-mail emailprotected org. bd

Patients With Neurologic Dysfunction Health And Social Care Essay

Keshin Himura is a 42-year-old put up diagnosed with pituitary prolactinoma, a benign tumour that arises from the pituitary secretory organ, ensuing in a fall in libido and powerlessness and increased milk toil of the chest. The persevering anyhow has ailments of concern and sleepiness and the posture of ocular field alterations and papilledema preoperatively.What postoperative attention should the hold in provide the unhurried?The nurse should summate the undermenti unrivalledd postoperative attention to the affected roleEvaluate joke physiological reaction and ability to get shovel inOffer semisoft dietPerform neurological chequesMonitor minute marksMaintain neurologic flow chartReorient hip-hopient of when necessary to individual, clip and topographic pointIf with raptures, c ar amplyy reminder and and protect from hurtCheck motor comprise at intervals mensurate for centripetal hoo-hahsEvaluate addressThe persevering s household asks the nurse how result th ey cognize that the jobs the patient had before surgery have halt what is the nurse s best response?Through observation, carry oning series of trial that go forth be provided by the posit ( e.g. MRI, CT scans ) to look into if the tumours are already reduceed, because charge of tumour will hushed suppress the marks and symptoms of the upset. The primary aim of the surgical intercession is to take or destruct the full tumour without increasing the neurologic shortage and to alleviate symptoms by decompression. And if there is no grounds of tumour, the convention degrees of final stageocrine would fall back in usual, the patient will no longer see the symptoms of the disease.What direction schemes should the nurse anticipate will be consistent to care for diabetes insipidus if it occurs?The aim of the therapy isTo re draw a bead on ADHTo guarantee relate unruffled replacingTo rectify the implicit in intracranial job ( pituitary prolactinoma )A volatile want trial is ord ered by the doctor to corroborate for the diagnosing of diabetes insipidus bykeep reliever fluids by 8 to 12 hoursPatient is weighed often during the trialPlasma and urine osmolality surveies are performed at the beginning and terminal of the trial.The inability to increase the specific gravitation and osmolality of the piss is an indicant of Diabetes insipidusPharmacologic Therapy shell out Desmopressin ( DDAVP ) intranasally, BID as orderedNursing ManagementEstablish baseline informations ( weight, BP, I/O patter ) , Monitor BP and weight often throughout therapy and study sudden alterations to docMonitor I/O and specific gravitation and serum osmolality as orderedIf patient has Coronary arteria disease, utilize this dose with cautiousness as this drug causes vasoconstrictionAvoid concentrated fluids as this addition piss volumeWhat discharge operating instructions should the nurse provide the patient and household?Most patients will pass at least one dark in the intensive atte ntion unit ( ICU ) and so typically 2 or 3 extra darks on a regular ( non-ICU ) ward laterward surgeryThe patient will probably hold some incisional hurting and mild to chair concern for which he will be given pain medicine.A CT scan or MRI will be ordered before dischargeAsk patient to return 2-3weeks after surgeryInform patient to return 2-3months after 1st check-upInform household to watch out for marks of DI ( intense thirst, frequent urination ) . Refer instantlyManagement of Patients with Neurologic Dys lickA ACase Study 2Hiehachi Nishima, a 22-year-old patient who weighs 150 lbs, nowa daylightss to the exigency section ( ED ) after being thrown from his Equus caballus and go throughing out for a few proceedingss he regained consciousness. The friend who was besides siting a Equus caballus called the squad. The patient presented with a GCS of 15, and the neuro test was within normal bounds ( WNL ) . The ED physician wrote the orders for a CT scan without contrast of the ca put, CBC, nephritic and metabolic profile, PT, PTT, and INR. The nurse sent the labs and had the IV of NS at keep-open rate per ED protocol hanging. The nurse was expecting radiology to name for the patient to travel for the CT when the patient had an epileptic call, became unconscious mind, stiffened his full essential structure, and so had violent muscleman contractions. The respirations are really shallow, and the lips and nail cheat became bluish. The patient lost control of vesica and intestine. The patient spot his lingua and blood is coming from the viva voce cavity. The radiology section calls and is ready for the patient.List in the right order the actions that should be taken by the nurse.Before and during a capture, the patient is assessed and the undermentioned points are documentedThe fortunes before the ictusThe happening of auraThe first thing the patient does in the ictus where motions or stiffness Begins, conjugate regard place, place of caputThe sheath of motions in the portion of the organic structure involvedThe countries of the organic structure involvedThe size of the students and whether the look are unfastenedWhether the eyes or the caput are turned to one sideThe presence or absence of automatismsIncontinence of piss or stoolUnconsciousness and its continuanceAny axiomatic palsy or failing of weaponries or legs after the ictusInability to talk after the ictusMotions at the terminal of the ictusWhether or non the patient slumbers or non afterwardsCognitive position after the ictusIn add-on to supplying informations about the ictus, nursing attention is directed at pr withalt hurt and back uping the patient non merely physically but besides psychologically. Consequences such as anxiousness, embarrassment, weariness, and embossment can be lay waste toing to the patient.After the patient has a ictus, the nurse s function is to document the events taking to and happening during and after the ictus to envision complications.Exp lain what type of ictus the patient is holding, and shew the three academic degrees of the patient s ictus and the specific nursing attention for each phase.The patient had a tonic-clonic ( gran mal ) ictus. There are three stages viz. the aura, the quinine water and the clonic stage.In the aura stage is the premonition of an epileptic onslaught. It characterized by episodes of Deja vu or Jamais vu. The client may besides hold auditory, olfactory, or even ocular hallucinations, unnatural gustatory sensations, and prickling esthesiss. Physical symptoms include giddiness, concern, dizziness, sickness, numbness. Though in this instance, the client did non read marks of the aura stage.*Nsg MgtProvide privateness and protect the patient from funny looker-onsPatients who have an aura may hold clip to seek a safe, private topographic pointEase the patient to the floor, if feasibleLoosen constricting vesturePush aside any furniture that may wound the patient during a ictusIf an aura p recedes the ictus, insert an unwritten air passage to cut dismantle the misadventure of the patient s seize with teething the linguaThe following is the tonic stage. It is normally the shortest portion of the ictus, enduring non more than merely a few seconds. In this instance, it is when the patient had an epileptic call, became unconscious and stiffened his full organic structure.*Nsg MgtProtect the caput with a tablet to forestall hurt from striking a difficult airfoilIf the patient is in bed, take pillows and raise side tracksThe last is the clonic stage. It is when the client had violent musculus contractions, really shallow respirations, the lips and nail beds became bluish, lost control of vesica and intestine and seize with teeth his lingua.*Nsg MgtDo non try to prise unfastened jaws that are clenched in a cramp or to get into anything. Broken dentition and hurt to the lips and lingua may ensue from such an action.No effort should be made to keep the patient during the i ctus because muscular contractions are strong and restraint can do hurtIf possible, place the patient on one side with caput flexed forwards, which allows the lingua to fall frontward and facilitates drain of spit and mucous secretion. If suction is available, utilize if necessary to clear secernments.The ED physician orders the chase diazepam ( Valium ) 10 milligram every 10 to 15 proceedingss prn for ictuss ( maximal back breaker of 30 milligram ) . Once seizures halt, administer Dilantin ( diphenylhydantoin ) 10 mg/kg IVPB. cardiogram monitoring continuously, VS, GCS, neuro cheques every 30 proceedingss. Explain what meds the nurse should supply, in what order, and how they should be administered.The nurse should supply Valium injection ( Valium ) 10 milligram IM PRN every 10 to 15 mins. ( max 30mg ) for his ictus to relief the musculus cramp. For the long term alleviation, administer Dilantin ( diphenylhydantoin ) 10 mg/kg IVPB lading dose STAT, one condemnation the ictuss stop. Dilantin ( diphenylhydantoin ) is an anti-seizure medicine ( anticonvulsant ) , particularly to forestall tonic-clonic ( expansive mal ) ictuss and complex partial ictuss ( psychomotor ictuss ) .We use piggyback to administrate different IV drugs at different times. Dilantin can do crossness to the venas and can do serious tissue and/or nervus harm if it infiltrates. So we should administrate it with normal saline. Pull up the drugs in a syringe and attach it to the piggyback port on the IV tube cassette, which is run at the same time with the primary IV fluid ( normal saline ) . Run it easy and prolong an oculus on the ECG proctor. This ECG monitoring should be done continuously to assist place irregular pulses. For the diminutive marks, Glasgow coma graduated table and neuro V/S, it should be look into every 30 proceedingss to supply dependable, accusative manner of entering the witting province of a individual for initial every bit near as subsequent appraisal.Group As signmentsHave each ingredient reference nursing direction associate to to caring for an unconscious patient.Preventing Urinary RetentionPalpate vesica at intervals to find whether urinary keeping is presentIf patient is non invalidating, an indwelling catheter is inserted and connected to a closed drainpipe system as orderedObserve for fever and cloudy piss for infectionObserve the country around the urethral opening for any drainageEqually shortly as consciousness is regained, a bladder-training scheme initiatedPromote Bowel FunctionAssess venters for dilatation by listening for intestine sounds ( irregular rippling sounds should be heard every 5-20sec ) standard the girth of the venters with a tape step.Proctor for the figure and consistence of intestine motionsPerform rectal examen for marks of faecal impaction as ordered.Stool softeners may be prescribed and can be administered with tubing eatingsGlycerin suppository may be indicated to ease intestine emptyingMay require e nema every other twenty-four hours to empty lower colonMaintain Skin and Joint equityMonitor phalanx per unit area countries for possible ulcerationsEstablish a regular agenda of go to avoid force per unit area, which can do breakdown and mortification of the tegumentThis provides kinaesthetic, proprioceptive and vestibular stimulationAvoid dragging and drawing the patient up in the bed, because this creates a shearing force and clash on the tegument surfaceMaintain correct organic structure place peaceable exercising of the appendages is of import to forestall contracturesSplints or foam boots may be utilise to forestall foot up bead and force per unit area of bedding on the toesTrochanter axial rotations may be used to back up the hip articulations and maintain the legs in proper allianceSupplying Mouth palmInspect oral cavity for waterlessness, redness, and crustingCleanse and rinse oral cavity carefully to take secernments and crusts and to maintain the mucose membranes mo istAdminister petroleum jelly on the lips to forestall drying, checking and incrustations.If patient has an endotracheal tubing, the tubing should be moved to the opposite side of the oral cavity and lipsPerform everyday tooth brushing every 8hrs to diminish ventilator-associated pneumoniaKeeping the AirwayPromote the caput of bed to 30 grades to forestall aspiration.Topographic point the client in sidelong place to let the jaw and lingua to fall frontward to advance drainage of secernments.Suction for secernments as neededMaintain unwritten hygieneChest physical therapy and postural drainage to advance pneumonic hygieneAuscultate the patient s thorax every 8 hours to step for any deviated breath sounds.If the patient has a mechanical ventilator, maintain the patency of the endotracheal tubing or tracheotomy, supply unwritten attention, monitor arterial blood gas measurings and keeping ventilator scenes.Protecting the Patient maturate side rails up every bit ever to forestall hurtE nsure the patient s self-respect during altered LOC, talking to the client during nursing attention activities.Keeping Fluid remnant and Managing Nutritional NeedsAssess tegument turgor and mucose membrane for waterlessnessMonitor for consumption and end product and find the demands for catheterisationContinuing Corneal IntegrityPatient s eyes may be cleansed with cotton balls moistened with unfertile normal saline to take any discharge.For unreal cryings ( prescription by the doctor ) , may present every 2 hours.Keeping Body TemperatureThe surroundings can be change ( depending on the patient s status ) to advance normal organic structure temperature.If body temperature is elevated, a minimal sum of bedclothes is used.For geriatric patients and does nt hold any elevated temperature, a heater environment is needed.Supplying Centripetal remarkCommunicate with patient, and promote the household members to make it so.Orient the patient to clip, day of the month, and topographic poi nt one time for every 8 hours.Have each group member develop a nursing diagnosing related to a patient with an altered degree of consciousness. disclose possible jobs and complications related to the nursing diagnosing.Nursing diagnosingPotential Problems and Complications1. Ineffective airway clearance related to altered degree of consciousnessAspiration2. Hazard for impaired tegument unity related to prolonged stationarinessBed in the altogetherPressure ulceration3. Impaired Urinary riddance keeping related to impairment in neurologic detection and controlBladder dilatationInfectionFormation of rocks4. Impaired tissue unity of cornea related to decrease or remove corneal physiological reactionPeriorbital oedemaUlcersCorneal scratchs5. Deficient fluid volume related to inability to take fluids by oral cavityDehydrationCerebral hydrops6. Interrupted household processes related to alterations in the cognitive and physical position of their loved 1Crisis horrific anxiousness, denia l, choler, compunction, heartache, and rapprochement7. Hazard for hurt related to decreased LOCFallss8. Ineffective thermoregulation related to damage to hypothalamic stubHyperthermia9. Impaired unwritten mucose membrane related to talk external respiration, absence of guttural physiological reaction and altered fluid intakeDrynessInflammationCrusting10. Bowel incontinency related to impairment neurologic detection and controlAbdominal dilatationDiarrheaFrequent loose stoolsAs a group, place possible complications that may originate in the postoperative stage of cranial surgery. change magnitude ICPMonro-Kellie hypothesis provinces that, because of the limited infinite for enlargement within the skull, an addition in any one of the constituents causes a alteration in the volume of the others.because encephalon tissue has limited infinite to spread out, compensation typically is accomplished by displacing or switching CSF, increasing the soaking up or decreasing the production of C SF, or diminishing intellectual volume ensuing to an addition ICP.Bleeding and hypovolaemic dazeAn accrual of blood under the bone flap ( epidural, subdural, or intracerebral haematoma ) may present a menace to life. A coagulum must be suspected in any patient who does non send away as expected or whose conditions deteriorates.Fluid and electrolyte perturbationsIV solutions and blood constituent therapy for patients with intracranial conditions must be administered easy. If they are administered excessively quickly, they can increase ICP. The measure of fluids administered may be restricted to minimise the scuttle of intellectual hydrops.InfectionThe hazard of infection is great when ICP is monitored with an intraventricular catheter and increases with the continuance of the monitoring.SeizuresUnderliing cause is an galvanizing perturbation in the nervus cells in one subdivision of the encephalon. An unnatural motor, sensory, autonomic, or physical activity that case from sudde n inordinate discharge from intellectual nerve cells.Have each group member place a type of ictus. Describe clinical manifestations, diagnosing, and intervention of each.Generalized SeizuresThis are seizures that chiefly involves electrical charges in the alone encephalon, its clinical manifestations includes loss of consciousness for a short or long period of clip.Types of SeizureClinical Manifestation proud Mal or Generalized tonic-clonicUnconsciousnessParoxysmsMuscle rigidnessAbsenceShort loss of unconsciousnessMyoclonicIrregular jerked meat motionsClonicInsistent jerked meat motionsTonicMuscle stiffness and rigidnessAtonicLoss of musculus tone diagnosisPhysical scrutiny peculiarly neurologic scrutinyElectroencephalogramFor impermanent and reversible causes of ictussBlood chemical substance scienceBlood sugarComplete Blood CountCerebrospinal fluid analysisKidney map trialLiver map trialsTrial to find the cause and locationEEG ( electroencephalograph ) to mensurate the electric al activity in the encephalonHead CT or MRI scanLumbar puncture-spinal patTreatmentWhen a ictus occurs, protect the individual from hurt, make the environment safe for you and the patient.Protect the patient s caputLoosen tight vesturePut the patient into a side-lying place if regurgitation occursStay with patient until she or he is to the full recoveredMonitor the patient s critical marksMedicines such as antiepileptics may be given as ordered to cut down the figure of future ictuss.The DO NT s During SeizuresDo nt keep the patientDo nt put anything betwixt the patient s dentition during a ictusDo nt travel the patient unless he or she is in danger or near something riskyDo nt seek to halt the patient from convulsing.Partial SeizuresThis are seizures that chiefly involves electrical charges in one portion of the encephalon, its clinical manifestations includes unnatural musculus motions, automatisms, unnatural esthesiss, hallucinations, sickness, perspiration, dilated students, f ast bosom rate and pulsation rate, alterations in vision.Types of SeizureClinical ManifestationSimple( consciousness is integral )Jerky motionsMuscle rigidness, cramp unmatched esthesisMemory and emotional perturbationComplex( consciousness is impaired )Automatisms lip slap, masticating, walking and insistent involuntary and coordinated motionsDiagnosisCT scanMagnetic resonance imagingElectroencephalogramEEG-video recordingsTreatmentVagus Nerve Stimulation in which a little battery is implanted in the chest wall which will plan to present short explosions of energy to the encephalon.Corpus Callosotomy is a type of surgical intercession that will cut the connexions between the two sides of the encephalon that will forestall bead attacks..Multiple sub-pial transection which is a surgical technique that will cut a certain connexion between nervus cells.