Joan Of Arc Essays (1410 words) - Joan Of Arc, Charles VII Of France

Joan Of Arc Joan of Arc When Joan of Arc was born the Hundred Years War was over half way over. She was considered a French saint, a national heroine, and was called the Maid of Orleans. She was born to peasant parents in Domremy-la-Pucelle in France in 1412. Joan attended mass daily and visited the church on a regular basis. France was struggling because they were in need of a king who could get the country back together and keep it together. It was under these conditions that Joan of Arc grew up(www.millersv.edu). At a young age Joan of Arc confessed to hearing voices. The voices she heard were of St. Michael, St. Margaret, and St. Catherine (www.catholic.org). She was working on her fathers farm one day when she heard one of the voices say, Great things are expected of you. You must leave your native village and go to aid your king(www.mcs.drexel.edu). After she had heard the voices she said, I was thirteen when I heard a voice from God ask for my help and guidance. The first time I heard this voiced I was a young child, and I was much afraid. It seemed to come to me from lips I should reverence. I believe it was sent to me from God. These voices were advising her to help a Dauphin, later known as Charles VII of France (www.millersv.edu). They wanted her to help him reconquer France because at that time England was after the throne of France (www.catholic.org). The voices also told her to cut her hair and dress like a man (www.netsrq.com). When the voices told Joan to assist the Dauphin of France, Joan approached Robert Baudricourt about her mission to see the Dauphin(www.mcs.drexel.edu). He was captain of the Dauphins forces in Vaucouleur (www.millersv.edu). Baudricourt thought of her mission as silly and unnecessary. She returned home after this trip. The voices became more urgent. She heard them say, It is God who commands it. She then left Domremy and revisited Vaucouleur (www.mcs.drexel.edu). Joan acted as the mascot of Frances army. This boosted the morale of the French soldiers (www.millersv.edu). Because of doing this she got to meet the Dauphin and have an interview with him. She made the journey to meet him with six companions and she was dressed in male attire (www.mcs.drexel.edu). Joan arrived at the Castle of Chinon on March 6 and two days later she saw Charles VII (www.knight.org). Joan tells the Dauphin, Charles VII, that she was sent by God to help France and to take the dauphin to Reims to be crowned king (www.la-pucelle.de). She also says to him, I am Joan the Maid. Give me soldiers and I will raise the siege of Orleans (www.mcs.drexel.edu). He ordered that Joan be examined by the doctors at the University of Poitiers. It was suspected that she was possessed by the devil. She was taken to Tours after her examination to have armor made for her. She was given a banner of fleur-de-lis, French coat of arms, and an army was formed for her in Blois (www.la-pucelle.de). She was also given the rank of Captain of the army (www.netsrq.com). She took the army that she was provided with and marched towards Orleans (www.la-pucelle.de). With over three thousand soldiers and some Dauphins best men, Joan of Arc led the siege of Orleans (www.mcs.drexel.edu). The march to the city began on April 29th of 1429 (www.la-pucelle.de). In May 1429 she led the French to a miraculous victory over the English. Her army fought several battles along the Loire (www.netsrq.com). The French captured many of the English fortresses. The English army suffered much loss. Joan continued to motivate her troops by staying at the front of the fighting line and by displaying her courage. She was injured when she got *censored* with an arrow in the neck (www.la-pucelle.de). As soon as she realized she was hurt she pulled the arrow out of her neck, climbed on a horse, and went back to fighting (www.mcs.drexel.edu). The English army retreated on May 8, 1429. The French had taken Jargeau, Meung, and Beaugency, which are all English cities. The English army finally admitted defeat on June 18th in the Battle of Patay. She

The Red Room and The Monkeys Paw Compare and Contrast Essays

The Red Room and The Monkeys Paw Compare and Contrast Essays The Red Room and The Monkeys Paw Compare and Contrast Paper The Red Room and The Monkeys Paw Compare and Contrast Paper hospitable , brightly and condoled. It shows that the house was at peace and nothing bad was happening. However when the sergeant-major does arrive the atmosphere is instantly changed as words such as hastily , hush , presumptuous and magic. These words tell the reader that what the guest is going to say is not good and that it fills the reader with suspense. The language is similar because they are both written in old language and powerful vocabulary has been used by each other writers. The characters in The Red Room are the three old people and the young man. The three old people cause the reader to be afraid of them because of their actions and their body features for example the man with the withered arm, the man with the shade and her pale eyes wide open. These show that they are disabled and have problems. They also speak in an unfriendly manner to the man and each other for example the man with the withered arm gave this newcomer a short glance of dislike and to the man he says Its your own choosing. They cause the reader to feel that they are terrifying and that they raise the suspense and the tension of the story by warning the man over and over and try to dissuade the man from going into the room e.g. this nights of all nights trying to make the man feel scared. Even though the reader does not find what is so bad about this night they know that it is a warning. The old people affect the reader by making the reader feel uncomfortable in why they are unfriendly to each other and the man and they are trying to dissuade the man from going to the red room. The atmosphere they make is frightening A monstrous shadow of him crouched upon the wall. This makes the reader feel that the old people are trying to make the man feel scared. The man also describes them as the three of them made me uncomfortable. This explains that they are frightening him. The man describes their way of speech and their clothes as they seem to belong to a different age and an age when things were spiritual were different from this of ours. He describes their clothes as the cut of their clothing, fashions born in dead brains. This explains that their clothing is of an old fashion and they behave like old people of olden times. The man in The Red Room who is going to stay the night is not afraid of anything. When the man says it will take a very tangible ghost to frighten me the reader instantly finds out that this man is not afraid of anything and that he is proud and that he believes that he does not believe that ghosts exist. The way he speaks tells the reader that he is not scared and that he doesnt believe in ghosts as he says its my own choosing. The reader then knows that he is confident of going into the red room and also when he say you will show me this haunted room of yours, I will make myself comfortable there. The arrogance in this story suggests Hubris. Hubris is exaggerated pride or self-confidence. However that changes when he walks down the passageway to the red room as he says listening to a rustling. If he is so confident he shouldnt care about the rustling of whatever happening so this tells the reader he is afraid in his own way even though he doesnt show it. He also is afraid when he sees a shadow as it is crouching I stood rigid for half a minute. This tells the reader that he is afraid. This adds to the tension because the reader is in suspense about what is going to pop out from the shadows. He is also shown to be afraid when he enters the room closed the door behind me at once. This tells the reader he is afraid. When he is in the room he opens all the curtains and lights candle and the fireplace in the room I lit it. This shows that he is afraid of the dark. He starts to get very scared when he notices that all the candles seem to be going out on their own accord Whats up? I cried, with a queer high note getting into my voice somehow. This tells the reader that he is indeed petrified of the candles being snuffed out. He then in his confusion trying to light the candles hits his head and then loses consciousness. When he wakes up he is then regretful of his arrogance and this suggest Nemesis. Nemesis is an act of effect or retribution. He has been hit on the head because of his doubts in believing that the red room was not haunted. He then believes that the room is haunted as he says Yes said I the room is haunted. The characters in The Monkeys Paw are The White Family, Sergeant Major Morris and the business man from Herberts Workplace. The White Family lives in an isolated area and do not like it Paths a bog and roads a torrent. They are at first acknowledged as people who dont like getting into trouble and are friendly family father and son were at chess. When the sergeant major arrives they are eager to listen to his stories outside of the country. This makes the reader to think that they havent been out that much anywhere then where they are living. When they hear of the monkeys paw being able to grant wishes they immediately start laughing and this shows they are arrogant suggesting Hubris laughter jarred. They are also arrogant when they jest about what they want to wish for example Dont you think you might wish for four pairs of hands for me? This shows that they disbelieve in the magic. This causes the reader to believe that they are haughty. Then when Mr. White wishes for his wish he t hen sees faces in the fire and he begins to feel a little bit afraid e.g. with a little uneasy laugh. Also when it says with a little shiver. This adds to the tension of the story because it makes the reader wonder whether the wish was granted and fills the reader with suspense. When the business man shows up Mr. and Mrs. White are scared about what has happened to Herbert. When they are told that he was caught in the machinery and when they are then told that the money that they found for his death is à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½200 they are instantly shocked put out his hands like a sightless man and dropped a senseless heap to the floor. This tells the reader that the family that remains now believes that it was the monkeys paws doing. This also suggest Nemesis because they disbelieved in the monkeys paw they have paid for it. When one week pass the old man wakes up to find his wife crying by the window and then she suddenly exclaims that they should use the monkeys paw to bring back Herbert well have one more. This makes the reader believe that the woman now definitely believes in the magic of the monkeys paw. She is blinded by the love of her son that she does not realize the consequences of making the wish Do you think I fear the child I have nursed. When she says this the reader wonders what the dead body of Herbert will appear like. Mr. White realizes that when his son will appear it will not be the same person he knew as his son For Gods sake dont let it in. This makes the reader think that he believes in the stories of magic. When his wife rushes out to open the door the reader is eager to know what the thing that is coming into the house looks like. However Mr. White grabs the paw and makes his last wish before she opens the door making the reader feel that he believes in the magic of the monkeys p aw. Sergeant Major Morris is described as tall, burly man beady of eye and rubicund of visage. This tells the reader that he is intimidating. When he enters the house he tells them the story of the monkeys paw but he also fears for the familys safety when Mr. White wants the paw example But I warn you of the consequences. This tells the reader that he is warning them before hand of the paws abilities. When he mentions that he had the three wishes he says it with fear and suspense I have he said quietly and his blotchy face whitened. This makes the reader feel that the paw has created something bad in this mans life. This creates tension in the story by making the reader wonder why the mans face whitened when he mentioned that he had three wishes. When he says that before he came across the paw another man had three wishes and his last one was death the third was for death. Also when he says this, the family are silent his tones were so grave that a hush fell upon the group. This tells th e reader that the sergeant has much to hide about the paw. When Mr. White asks if the sergeant would have another three wishes the sergeant replies I dont know and he repeats this twice. This causes the reader to think that this man has had a lot of pain from the monkeys paw in his life. When he throws the monkeys paw into the fire he warns the family explicitly that if they keep it, it is not the sergeants fault if something bad befalls them If you keep it dont blame me for what happens and but I warn you of the consequences. This tells the reader that the sergeant, when he had wished, faced consequences for his wishes and that he warned the family about that they should be careful what they wish for. The man in The Red Room is similar to the family in The Monkeys Paw because they are both arrogant in believing in the haunting or curse that they are faced with and in they faced many consequences and retribution. The sergeant major and the three old people are similar because they are characters who warn the others of the consequences of their actions. The Plot is the story in a play, novel or film. The plot affects the novel, film and play because it is the structure of it. The plot builds up the story and keeps it together to make it more interesting and for the reader to understand what it is about. The plot relies on a deadline by making the reader feel more nervous as the story progresses for example when the man in the Red Room is walking through the passage to the Red Room making the reader fell suspense when he is walking to the room and the time of going to the room is very slow as lots of things happen very slowly when he approaches the room.

Evidence on learning contract Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words - 1

Evidence on learning contract - Essay Example Whether it had been a school project or a week of volunteer service at the hospital, I have always strived to improve my technical expertise rather than pay attention on the purpose for such things. This has resulted in a downside for me. I may have performed well in the start but over time I lost the zeal to be on the top. I did not perform as well as I had used to. For a person who used to graduate amongst the top ten in the class, I was suddenly facing falling grades. I could not understand my problem in the start. I used to ponder if it was the increasing difficulty of the course that I studied that was pulling me down. My falling grades discouraged me. I started to lose interest in studies. I did not have the same passion for improving my technical knowledge as I did so in the past. I also started to pay less attention to my studies. I would delay working on my assignments in contrast to the responsible behaviour I had shown in the past in submitting my assignments on time. Also , I became less attentive in my classes. This attitude continued for months and eventually years. It became an ingrained habit- one that I could not get rid of despite the negative impact that it had on me. It was not until I attended a class on self-motivation some time back that I came face-to-face with my demon. The class was an eye-opener for me. In the recent years, I had always struggled with deadlines and being punctual in my class work. Home assignments, for which we were given several days, and sometimes weeks, were done by me a day or so before their deadline. Whenever I set deadlines for the submission of my work, I defaulted them, mostly because I gave my social and family life priority over them. When I did not have a pressing deadline to meet, I used to slacken off and spend most of my time going to the cinema, hanging out with my friends, going out to eat and playing football. Studies were not my first

Final Stat Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words - 1

Final Stat - Assignment Example Work: Since the Q3 for Quiz 1 is 95 and Q3 for Quiz 2 is 90. Quiz 2 has 25% of students 90 and above whereas the Quiz 1 has Q3 as 95 which means 90 starts even before Q3. So Quiz 1 has more students whose score is 90 and above. Work: Since the Q2 for Quiz 1 is 60 and Q2 for Quiz 2 is 50. Quiz 1 has 50% of students below 60 whereas the Quiz 2 has Q2 as 50 which means some students above this range has below score 60. So it is more than 50% Here n(A)=200 and n(B)=100 and n(Aï€  Ã¯Æ'‡B)=80; P(A)=n(A)/N=200/1000=0.2, P(B)=n(B)/N=100/1000=0.1 and P(Aï€  Ã¯Æ'‡B)=n(Aï€  Ã¯Æ'‡B)/N=80/1000=0.08. The probability that a randomly selected junior is taking at least one of these two courses is given by (a) Since the opponent’s serves which she is able to return is the no. of trials , it is 10 and she is able to return is treated as success it is 30% and p=0.3, the probability of success and q=1- probability of failure=1-p=0.7 Given that xïÆ'  N(10,2) and define a standard normal variable z=(x- ÃŽ ¼)/ÏÆ'=(x-10)/2 which follows N(0,1) so that the probabilities can be obtained form a standard normal table. P(10

The Social Security System today is one that Beveridge would Essay

The Social Security System today is one that Beveridge would recognise. Discuss - Essay Example Modern social security system is the Great Britain differs from its programs and implementations proposed during 1930s-1940s (Alcock & Craig, 2001). William Beveridge, an economist and social reformer, was one of those politicians who proposed a comprehensive social system aimed to support British population and improve conditions of life for millions of people. It is possible to say that Beveridge would resognise modern social security system because it meets the main principles and values proposed by Beveridge 70 years ago. Critics (Alcock & Craig, 2001) admit that the modern benefit system is still based on the Beveridge Report of 1942 (Siegfried 1963). Beveridge's model for a new system of social security envisaged a central role for universal and comprehensive social insurance, building on the national insurance scheme established by the 1911 Liberal Government (Aaron 1982). His intention was that the new system of insurance benefits would guarantee a subsistence level of income to cover the major causes of income loss, through unemployment, sickness, and old age, whilst individuals would be encouraged to provide a higher standard of living for their families by voluntary savings (Morgan, 1994). Beveridge hoped that such a scheme would satisfy the needs of most of the population, but accepted that a safety net of residual assistance would have to be available for those who failed to qualify under the contributory scheme (Alcock & Craig, 2001). According to the Beveridge Plan, such a social security system could not be implemented in isolation; the government also had to be committed to introducing family allowances and a national health service, and to maintaining full employment. In this way, Beveridge, like subsequent policy makers, recognized the interrelationship between social security and other areas of government policy. Today, to promote security, and particularly economic security, the Great Britain developed a variety of social security programs. Some have taken the form of "social insurance whereby contributions are made to a fund by workers, employers, self-employed persons, and governments, and payments are made to persons whose income has stopped for such reasons as old age, disability, unemployment, or death of the wage earner (Siegfried 1963). Other programs have taken the form of "social assistance" whereby persons in need receive public relief or pensions by virtue of age or for other reasons (Morgan, 1994). Still other social assistance programs have taken t he form of "social benefits" whereby all persons meeting certain qualifications such as attainment of a prescribed age and having a certain period of citizenship or residence receive benefits, without regard to any previous contributions or taxes paid or demonstration of individual need (Alcock & Craig, 2001). In contrast to previous models and programs proposed by the government, modern social security meets the basic principles and philosophy of Beveridge. As the most important, modern security system covers not only elderly people but unemployed, poor, old age, disabled and other categories. Each of the Government spends more than 1 billion on benefits and their administration (McKay & Rowlingson, 1999). Today social security benefits in Britain, as in most other developed countries, fall

Microorganisms Relevant To Bioremediation

Microorganisms Relevant To Bioremediation Introduction Bioremediation is a technology that utilizes the metabolic potential of microorganisms to clean up contaminated environments. One important characteristic of bioremediation is that it is carried out in non-sterile open environments that contain a variety of organisms. Of these, bacteria, such as those capable of degrading pollutants, usually have central roles in bioremediation, whereas other organisms (e.g. fungi and grazing protozoa) also affect the process. A deeper understanding of the microbial ecology of contaminated sites is therefore necessary to further improve bioremediation processes. In the past two decades, molecular tools, exemplified by rRNA approaches, have been introduced into microbial ecology; these tools have facilitated the analysis of natural microbial populations without cultivation. Microbiologists have now realized that natural microbial populations are much more diverse than those expected from the catalog of isolated microorganisms. This is also the case for pollutant-degrading microorganisms, implying that the natural environment harbors a wide range of unidentified pollutant-degrading microorganisms that have crucial roles in bioremediation. This article summarizes the results of recent studies of microbial populations that are relevant to bioremediation. Molecular ecological information is thought to be useful for the development of strategies to improve bioremediation and for evaluating its consequences (including risk assessment). Molecular tools are especially useful in bioaugmentation, in which exogenous microorganisms that are introduced to accelerate pollutant biodegradation need to be monitored. This article discusses recent examples of the successful application of molecular ecological tools to the study of bioremediation. Microorganisms relevant to methane oxidation Traditionally, studies on pollutant biodegradation have been initiated by the isolation of one or more microorganisms capable of degrading target pollutants; however, conventional isolation methods have resulted in the isolation of only a fraction of the diverse pollutant-degrading microorganisms in the environment. In addition, most isolated organisms have shown pollutant-degradation kinetics that differ from those observed in the environment. For example, laboratory-cultivated methanotrophs exhibit half-saturation constants for methane oxidation which are one to three orders of magnitude higher than those observed in soil. Using molecular phylogenetic analyses of isotope-labeled DNA, (Radajewski et al.) successfully identified two novel methanotrophs that actively degrade methane under environmental conditions. Molecular approaches that target the 16S rRNA gene (16S rDNA) and genes encoding enzymes involved in key metabolic steps (e.g. those encoding particulate methane monooxygena se) have been applied to the analysis of methanotrophs in rice field soil, lake sediments and forest soil. Methanotrophs are considered to be important for reducing the emission of methane, a greenhouse gas, from soil and sediment. In addition, methanotrophs co-metabolize trichloroethylene (TCE); therefore, TCE bioremediation often employs methane injection as a means to stimulate the TCE-degrading activity of indigenous methanotrophs (i.e. methane biostimulation). Methanotrophs which occurred at a methane biostimulation site were recently analyzed using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) of polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-amplified 16S rDNA and soluble methane monooxygenase gene fragments. Marine petroleum hydrocarbon degradation Molecular ecological approaches have also been used to analyze bacterial populations that occur in petroleum-contaminated marine environments. Spilled-oil bioremediation experiments conducted at a sandy beach found that phylotypes affiliated with the subclass of Proteobacteria appeared in the DGGE fingerprints obtained for oiled plots but not in those for unoiled plots, suggesting their importance in spilled-oil bioremediation. Another oil-spill experiment conducted at a beach in the Norwegian Arctic showed that 16S rDNA types affiliated with the ÃŽÂ ³-Proteobacteria, especially those belonging to the Pseudomonas and Cycloclasticus groups, were abundant in fertilized oil sands. Microbial populations which occurred in seawater after supplementation with petroleum and inorganic fertilizers have been analyzed using rRNA approaches; it was reported that bacterial populations belonging to the Proteobacteria and the genus Alcanivorax showed accelerated growth. These studies have indicat ed that some groups of bacteria commonly occur in oil-contaminated marine environments, although other populations change under different environmental conditions. Anaerobic petroleum hydrocarbon degradation As petroleum hydrocarbons are persistent under anaerobic conditions, their contamination of groundwater is a serious environmental problem. The microbial diversity in a hydrocarbon- and chlorinated-solvent contaminated aquifer undergoing intrinsic bioremediation was assessed by cloning and sequencing bacterial and archaeal 16S rDNA fragments. This study detected phylotypes that were closely related to Syntrophus spp. (anaerobic oxidizers of organic acids with the production of acetate and hydrogen) and Methanosaeta spp. (aceticlastic methanogens), suggesting their syntrophic association. Phylotypes affiliated with candidate divisions (that do not contain any isolated organisms) were also obtained in abundance from the contaminated aquifer, although their physiology is completely unknown. A similar syntrophic association of bacteria and archaea has also been reported in a methanogenic enrichment that slowly degrades hexadecane. Likewise, a toluene-degrading methanogenic consortium was characterized by rRNA approaches. The consortium comprised two archaeal species related to the genera Methanosaeta and Methanospirillum, and two bacterial species, one related to the genus Desulfotomaculum and the other unrelated to any previously described genus. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with group-specific rRNA probes was used to analyze a denitrifying microbial community degrading alkylbenzenes and n-alkanes; the Azoarcus/Thauera group was found to be the major bacterial group. Bacteria affiliated with the ÃŽÂ µ-Proteobacteria were found to grow in petroleum-contaminated groundwater which accumulated at the bottom of underground crude-oil storage cavities. Microbial communities associated with anaerobic benzene degradation under Fe(III)-reducing conditions in a petroleumcontaminated subsurface aquifer were also analyzed by DGGE analysis, and it has been suggested that Fe(III)- reducing Geobacter spp. have an important role in the anaerobic oxidation of benzen e. The available electron acceptors are the principal determinants for the types of microorganisms that occur in anaerobic environments, and microbial populations identified in the above papers are considered important for petroleum hydrocarbon degradation in subsurface environments under the respective conditions. On the basis of these results, future developments in anaerobic hydrocarbon bioremediation are anticipated. It is noteworthy that phylotypes that are only distantly related to known genera are often detected as major members of the anaerobic communities, suggesting that parts of anaerobic hydrocarbon biodegradation processes remain unidentified. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon degradation Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are compounds of intense public concern owing to their persistence in the environment and potentially deleterious effects on human health. A soil-derived microbial consortium capable of rapidly mineralizing benzo[a]pyrene was analyzed by DGGE profiling of PCR-amplified 16S rDNA fragments The analysis detected 16S rDNA sequence types that represented organisms closely related to known high molecular weight PAH-degrading bacteria (e.g. Burkholderias, Sphingomonas and Mycobacterium),although the degradation mechanisms have yet to be resolved. In soil environments, the reduced bioavailability of PAHs due to sorption to natural organic matter is an important factor controlling their biodegradation. Friedrich et al. reported that different phenanthrene-degrading bacteria occurred in soil enrichments when different sorptive matrices were present. It has also been shown that the application of surfactants to soil enrichments that degrade phenanthrene a nd hexadecane altered the microbial populations responsible for the degradation. These results have common implications for bioremediation; that is, nature harbors diverse microbial populations capable of pollutant degradation from which a few pollutant-degrading populations are selected according to bioremediation strategies. Metal bioremediation Because of its toxicity, metal contamination of the environment is also a serious problem. Recent studies have applied molecular tools to the analysis of bacterial and archaeal populations that are capable of surviving in metal-contaminated environments. Bacterial communities in soil amended for many years with sewage sludge that contained heavy metals were assessed using rRNA approaches, including FISH and cloning and sequencing. The study found that two sequence groups affiliated with the Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria were frequently obtained from clone libraries from the metal-contaminated soil, although most Actinobacteria sequences showed low similarity (

Chocolate History Essay

All chocolate starts with a seed called a cocoa bean that is grown on a small tree. Many countries in Central and South America produce cocoa beans. The history of chocolate starts in Latin America, where the cocoa bean was first discovered about 2,000 years ago on a tropical tree. The first people recognized to have used these beans to make any kind of chocolate were the Maya’s. They called it the kakawa bean, which is where the origin of the world chocolate began. They most often used the bean to make a spicy, foamy drink. Later, the Aztecs discovered the cocoa bean. Eventually this was introduced in Europe after the Spaniards came to Central America. When the Spaniards began experimenting with the bean, they began to add other spices to it, such as cinnamon and sugar, to give the chocolate a sweeter taste. Soon, the rest of Europe started drinking it and it became a popular drink that only the rich could afford. In the 1600’s the first chocolate house was opened and this flavor was able to reach the mouths of many other people. In the early 1800’s, solid chocolate was created. It became more affordable to everyone and throughout time more recipes were experimented with, creating many different types of chocolate. There are many different types of chocolate such as White, Dark (bittersweet), Milk, Semi-Sweet and even Baking Chocolate (unsweetened). White chocolate isn’t really considered chocolate because it has no cocoa solids in it, it is made of the fat from the cocoa beans known as cocoa butter. White chocolate has a creamy consistency and taste. It lacks flavor because it contains no chocolate liquor which gives chocolate the bitter strong chocolate flavor. White chocolate is not normally used in cooking unless it is a replacement for dark or milk chocolate. It is used mainly for decorating. Dark chocolate is the healthiest type of chocolate. This chocolate contains a large amount of disease-fighting flavonoids, anti-oxidants also found in red wine and lots of different fruit and vegetables. Its anti-oxidants can significantly improve blood pressure, prevent blood clots, slow the oxidation of low-density lipoproteins (LDL) cholesterol making it less likely to stick to artery walls and also reduce inflammation. Eating dark chocolate can also lower insulin resistance, the main problem behind diabetes. Milk chocolate does not contain as much chocolate liquor as dark chocolate, which gives it a softer chocolate flavor. This chocolate is much sweeter than any other. It is the most popular type of chocolate. Milk chocolate is more difficult to temper properly and more prone to overheating which would make it thick and lumpy if it comes into contact with water. Milk chocolate can be used in pretty much anything you want to be sweet. The difference between regular chocolate and baking chocolate is baking chocolate has less sugar and no fat and its bitter while regular chocolate is sweet and sugary. Tempering means improving the consistency, durability or hardness of a substance by heating and cooling it. Tempering is done by melting solid chocolate to a temperature high enough that the crystals in the cocoa butter break down. Once the chocolate is fully melted, it must be cooled to about 82F, a temperature at which crystals will start to form again so that the chocolate can eventually re-solidify. The chocolate’s temperature is then raised back to about 90F, where it is very smooth and can be poured into chocolate molds and used for other things. White, milk and dark chocolate can be tempered. Tempered chocolate is very glossy, has a firm finish and melts smoothly at around body temperature. Chocolate that has not been tempered or that has been improperly tempered will look flat or discolored. Tempering can be done in 2 ways by hand, or through a process called seeding. Tempering by hand can be done by tabliering where melted chocolate is poured onto a cool marble surface and worked with spatulas until it has cooled down sufficiently. More melted chocolate is added back and incorporated in to the tabliered chocolate to bring it back to the final working temperature. Through the process of seeding, chocolate is melted and a small amount of finely chopped solid chocolate is added into the melted chocolate and stirred in. Adding solid chocolate will lower the temperature of the melted chocolate and it will start to temper the melted chocolate. When it comes to baking, chocolate does not need to be tempered because it is being incorporated into another form. Tempering chocolate is good for dipping foods, for a more clean finish.

Agricultural biology

Agriculture is a branch of biology that studies the wide scope of crops like rice, corn, cassava, etc. and its practical applications. Enormous issues related to agriculture have been raised daily by the community and some analysts. The most controversial among these is the continuing struggle of every nation on food shortage.Just last May, the issue about â€Å"rice shortage† alarmed the entire world including the United States of America. Rice producers and manufacturers jacked up the price of rice as an immediate response to the crisis. It must be clear though that rice or food shortage is also a global concern, may it be caused by the unusual climate changes or even the agriculture itself.  In an audio podcast of â€Å"A Farmers View on Food Shortage†, the speaker emphasizes that the food crisis could be brought by global warming and industrialization.This global warming could produce inconsistent climate conditions which affect weather patterns that may prolong d rought and cool seasons leading to a massive starvation even in the United States because of food crisis.On the latter part of the podcast, David Rai advises that in order to sustain and survive from the food crisis that the people are now facing, they must learn to conserve the use of rice by means of eating fruits, vegetables, and the like although rice has been considered by many as a staple food, highly demanded.The issue of rice, an agricultural aspect of biology, catches the attention of the people at large since it has been considered as the food of life among the greater half of the population located anywhere in the world. But whether or not the problem is about rice shortage or food crisis, the ones to blame are the people themselves and are expected to respond to this problem.And in order to conserve the supply of an agricultural crop like rice, these people should be guided to increase the production of rice, and provide agricultural assistance to those who are in dire n eed of the basic food of life, â€Å"rice.†

Reflection Questions 4 †Education Essay question and answer (200 Level Course)

Reflection Questions 4 – Education Essay question and answer (200 Level Course) Free Online Research Papers Reflection Questions 4 Education Essay question and answer (200 Level Course) Q:What role, if any, does religion play in your philosophy of education? R:Religion plays an active role in my philosophy of education. For me, I believe that in order to personally teach and model character education ethics to others, I must have a faith which derives from God as a Supreme Being and creator of this universe. I believe that our social Morales derive from the Ten Commandments. Q:What do you think that superintendents and principals often ask teaching candidates about their philosophy of education? R:I would think that superintendents and principals would ask a teaching candidate specific questions about their philosophy of education i.e. what school of philosophy to you subscribe to and why? Q:And now, a really hard question: If you are learning toward eclecticism, in what areas of teaching and learning would you draw on the various philosophies presented? R:Through a combined eclectic view of philosophy and learning approach, I would draw on the views all the four schools of thought from the following ideas: from the view of Perennialism, I agree with the idea that schools should teach knowledge through the traditional subjects of history, language, mathematics, science and the arts, with the emphasis on using the Great Books approach. While the goals of the Essentialist are similar in view, to the Perennials, the concept in philosophy is to teach the learner know the essentials in order to live in a progressive and modern world: the above speak of educating the person for society. In view of the philosophy of Progressivism and Romanism, I agree with the ideas that people naturally explore and inquire their environment for solution to problems by using and applying problem-solving methods, in light of the idea that the Romantics consider the individual more important than the needs of society. Research Papers on Reflection Questions 4 - Education Essay question and answer (200 Level Course)Standardized TestingBook Review on The Autobiography of Malcolm XInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesRelationship between Media Coverage and Social andBringing Democracy to AfricaResearch Process Part OneCanaanite Influence on the Early Israelite ReligionEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenMoral and Ethical Issues in Hiring New EmployeesAnalysis Of A Cosmetics Advertisement

Improve your college paper writing with us!

Improve your college paper writing with us! Why Your College Writing is Not Getting Good Grades - Tips to Fix It Once you walk into your first college class, you are subject to much higher expectations for course work. Your reading assignments will be more frequent and lengthier; your assignments will be more challenging; and the type of college papers you must produce will be more complex and held to a higher standard than is typical for high school students. It is highly unlikely that your professors will do the following: Receive a rough draft, make corrections and suggestions for improvement, and then receive a final draft for ultimate grading. Assist you in improving your writing, unless it is a writing course with a lab component. It is highly likely that your professor will do the following: Read and assign a grade to an essay or paper that you submit Assign a poor grade if the piece of writing does not meet his/her expectations If your writing assignments result in poor grades, there may be a number of reasons, and there are also methods for fixing any of the issues you may have with your research and writing skills. Mis-understanding/Failing to Adhere to the Specifics of the Assignment This is one of the most common mistakes students make. When a college paper assignment is given, they fail to read carefully from their syllabi or listen to their professors’ specifications. Frequently, a details of a writing assignment will be contained in the syllabus, so be certain that you read them very carefully and stick exactly to what your professor wants. If the assignment specifies that you compare and contrast, then that is exactly what you must do; if you are to analyze an outside reading assignment, then you are to read it carefully, take it apart, summarizing the points the author is making and commenting on those points. If you are asked to evaluate, you are being asked to make a judgment – are the author’s points or opinions valid? Why or why not? If you are to write a book review discussing one of its themes, you will not be providing a plot summary. The Fix: Read the assignment very carefully and look for key words – compare, contrast, analyze, discuss, respond to, evaluate, describe, etc. If you do not understand the assignment, contact your professor of the TA. Do not do a thing until you know exactly what is expected of you. Too Broad or Too Narrow a Topic You will usually be given a minimum and maximum length for a writing assignment, ad your topic must be of a breadth and depth to â€Å"fit.† When you choose a topic that is too broad, you will become overwhelmed with the amount of information there is and may fall into a trap of leaving out crucial research and points, in order to stay within the length requirement. If your topic is too narrow, there will not be enough information to meet the minimum requirement, you may try to add â€Å"fluff† to fill pages, and your grade will definitely suffer. The Fix: If you have to choose your own topic within a broad area, select a couple that are of interest. Contact your professor or TA and ask for advice. They are usually happy to help! If your topic is too broad, you can probably narrow it down to one or more aspects; if it is too narrow, better pick something else. Part of writing a college paper is selecting a topic that is correct for the required length! Unsophisticated Research You are in college now, and Wikipedia is not a resource for research. You will be expected to find scholarly resources on your topic. If you use the same types of resources that you did in high school, or if you use resources intended for middle and high school levels, your professor will be angry, and you could easily end up with an â€Å"F.† The Fix: Once you have your topic, perform a simple â€Å"Google† search. For example, use â€Å"college level resources for eugenics movements in the United States.† You will get a long list, including one or two clearing houses of resource lists. Choose your resources from among these lists and be grateful you are not in college 4 decades ago when searches had to be conducted in the library, using the card catalogue! And if you do go to the campus library, you can search by topic and be comfortable knowing that resources housed there are at an appropriate level of sophistication. One note, however: Wikipedia does have its place, particularly as you are attempting to refine a topic, because the entries are almost always divided into sub-topics. Lack of a Thesis You may have been able to get away with this in high school, but never when writing college papers. Choosing a topic is one thing. Coming up with a solid thesis is quite another. The thesis statement tells your reader why you have researched this topic or presents your viewpoint or opinion on the topic. Without a thesis, your paper has no scholarly merit and will certainly earn an â€Å"F.† The Fix: Once you have a topic, ask yourself some questions about it. Is this something that most people don’t understand? Why is it important? What is your purpose in researching this – are you trying to enlighten, persuade, or analyze? When you answer one or more of these questions you will have your thesis statement. (And put it at the end of your introductory paragraph) Composition Issues If you lack good writing skills – organization, coherence, paragraph development, sentence structure, transitions, mechanics, you will always receive lowered grades, no matter for what course you are writing an essay or paper. The Fix: Unfortunately, correcting this issue is a process that takes times. You need to begin a self-taught program of grammar and composition, get a tutor, or spend a lot of time in the writing lab. Anyone can become a good academic writer, but it takes commitment and lots of practice. In the meantime, you may want to enlist the services of a reputable academic writing service that can provide you with original, custom writing while you develop your own skills.

Merits of Devaluation of The Currency. Mechanism of correcting Assignment

Merits of Devaluation of The Currency. Mechanism of correcting deficits - Assignment Example UK suffered a huge current account deficit in 2008, as high as 3% of its GDP. Later the deficit was corrected with proper implication of currency devaluation (Pettinger 2009). 2. Mechanism of sustainable investment. Devaluation requires a higher amount of domestic currency for any foreign transaction. This makes it difficult for existing investors of country to switch or transfer their investment from the country that has devalued its currency. Because switching investment to foreign country may worth considerably lesser as compared to the current worth of investment. This will make the existing investors less likely to switch their investment. Hence devaluation ensures sustenance of existing investment in the country. 3. Mechanism of economic growth As mentioned earlier, devaluation of country’s currency results in the soaring of exports and aggregate demand of country’s goods and services. This is likely to result in economic growth of the country at higher rates. 4. Increase in flow of capital A devaluing country facilitates foreign investors in terms of its now relative cheap labor and a country that will stimulate demand, due to its strong export potential, due to devaluation. Hence devaluation provides motivation of higher profitability o the foreign investors and this is likely to result in the increase of capital flow in the devaluing country. China has long been having a devalued currency. China has become home to many manufacturing firms due its export facilitations and inexpensive production. It is mainly due to Chinese devalue exchange rate (News n economics 2010) Demerits of Devaluation of Currency 1. Increase in... It is evident from the study that devaluation is largely believed to correct the trade deficit and balance of payment deficit. Decrease in exchange rate of a country’s currency will render its products and services relatively cheaper for foreign buyers. This is likely to increase demand for country’s goods in foreign market and hence its exports will increase. Moreover devaluation will make foreign goods relatively dearer for domestic buyers and their demand is likely to decrease. This will reduce the imports in that country. Increased exports and reduced imports are likely to correct the trade deficit. This will also improve the current account deficit in Balance of payment accounts and will consequently correct the balance of payment deficit of the devaluing country. UK suffered a huge current account deficit in 2008, as high as 3% of its GDP. Later the deficit was corrected with proper implication of currency devaluation. Devaluation of currency renders imports deare r to the buyers of devaluing country. Since a country cannot produce everything, imports cannot be avoided. However if a country is supposed to import raw material for production of its certain goods it will make the cost of production higher. As a result those goods may not compete efficiently in foreign market as well as their domestic demand will decrease. Devaluation increases country’s exports. This means that it affects badly on the exports of other countries by making its goods cheaper in foreign market.

THE BUSINESS PLAN Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

THE BUSINESS PLAN - Essay Example We look at those management team who must have at least 10 or more years of experience on the field. The Island View Restaurant’s emphasis will be placed also on efficient management practices in almost all its functional areas of financing, directing, staffing and better decision making. Canvey Island is generally regarded to be in great need of friendly environment with excellent food and drinks. The restaurant will offer wide range of food ingredients and recipes from different countries food specialists. The Restaurant’s menu would be prepared considering wide range of food and drinks from different countries most marketed food and drinks. The restaurant would be a place where international food and drinks are provided to those who come from different areas of the world. So, our customers would be able to taste different international foods like Chinese food, Indian ingredients, Arabian meals etc. Moreover the staffs would be selected from both village and cities and will be given training programs so as to enable them prepare most quality foods and serve a friendly atmosphere within the restaurant. The target audience will be general public and rich people who generally need organic food and drinks. The targeted market includes Canvey Island population of more than 34,000 and more from other cities, islands, and even countries who visit Canvey Island. These keys of our mission will enable the restaurant achieve our mission goals. The business management primarily understand that any business can be successful only when it realizes why it is in the field concerned and what kinds of services it is supposed to provide to its customers. The priority is customer satisfaction. This customer satisfaction can be achieved by providing right service along with right information at right time and right place. We value this fundamental marketing principle. The mission is to provide great tasting food and drinks as well as to offer efficient